Front de Liberation Nationale du Tchad
The FROLINAT (French: Front de Liberation Nationale du Tchad ; English: National Liberation Front of Chad ) was a rebel group that was active in Chad from 1966 to 1993 .
history
FROLINAT was created in June 1966 through the merger of the UNT (French: Union Nationale Tchadienne), the UGFT (French: Union Générale des Fils du Tchad) and the FLT (Front de Liberation du Tchad). The merger was decided during a congress in Nyala , Sudan , where the flag of the newly founded FROLINAT was also adopted. Leader of the young resistance group were Marxist-Leninist oriented Ibrahim Abachta , the leader of the risen in the FROLINAT UNT and first Secretary General of FROLINAT, the radical Islamist Ahmed Hassan Musa , who led the UGFT in the FROLINAT, goukouni oueddei and Hissène Habré .
Role in civil war
The aim of FROLINAT was to fight the first Chadian president Tombalbaye . During the civil war, FROLINAT acted in the north of the country and fought the government troops there. The Libyan King Idris I supported this struggle by giving the FROLINAT rebels shelter on Libyan territory. This connection persisted even after the coup by General Gaddafi , who saw a strategic benefit in FROLINAT and supported it through the training of troops and financial and military aid. After a failed coup against Tombalbaye initiated by Libya , the latter broke off all relations with Libya, whereupon Libya recognized FROLINAT as the only legitimate government of Chad. On April 17, 1972, Tripoli and N'djamena resumed relations after international mediation and Libya broke off support for FROLINAT.
New Libyan support
After Tombalbaye was put out of office by General Malloum on April 13, 1975 , Libyan-Chadian relations deteriorated again and Gaddafi began to support FROLINAT a second time in order to enforce his own claim to power in northern Chad. Libya also supported FROLINAT militarily and supported a FROLINAT offensive in Chad with material, money and air strikes.
cleavage
Libyan support sparked disputes within FROLINAT, which eventually split the party into two main groups: the FAN under Habre, which turned against Libya but could only unite a minority of FROLINAT members, and the FAP under Goukouni Oueddei, which continued to support Gaddafi and formed the majority of FROLINAT.
Libyan-Chadian border war
In the Libyan-Chadian border war , the resulting groups played a central role, with Habre allied with the Chadian ruler Malloum and thus the alliances of Gaddafi and Oueddei, as well as Habre and Malloum faced each other. After military successes in 1977, Oueddei became the new General Secretary of FROLINAT and strove to unite the resistance groups. Through its alliance with Malloum Habre was appointed Prime Minister on 29 August 1978 but this position could not last long, since 1979 Malloum was overthrown on 23 March and Oueddei as President of the Government of National Unity (GUNT) came to power . The Benghazi Agreement of March 27, 1979, which stipulated an armistice, was also supported by FROLINAT. Oueddei broke the agreement and marched on N'djamena but was defeated at Ati and had to retreat northwards with considerable losses on the part of the FROLINAT. After this devastating defeat, the division of FROLINAT into a group of Arabs around Ahmat Acyl and a group of Tubus around Oueddei increased. As a result, the FROLINAT was not a decisive party in the further course of the war and also lost importance in the north of the country.
resolution
On January 14, 1993, FROLINAT was officially dissolved.
Individual evidence
- ^ National Liberation Front of Chad - FROLINAT | Terrorist Groups | TRAC. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .
- ^ History (Chad) . ISBN 978-1-159-01892-4 .
- ^ John Pike: Libyan Intervention in Chad, 1980-Mid-1987. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .
- ^ Chad - The FROLINAT Rebellion, 1965-79. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Libya's defeat in Chad: Two blows for Ghaddafi . In: ZEIT ONLINE . ( zeit.de [accessed on May 14, 2018]).
- ^ EISA Chad: Defunct parties. Retrieved May 14, 2018 .