Fuji (apple)
| Fuji | |
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| Art | Cultivated apple ( Malus domestica ) |
| origin | Morioka , Japan |
| Breeding year | 1939 |
| Launch | 1962 |
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Cross of |
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| List of apple varieties | |
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Fuji ( Japanese ふ じ ) is a cultivar of the cultivated apple ( Malus domestica ). Fuji was crossed from Ralls Janet and Red Delicious in Japan in 1939 . The Fuji was first marketed in 1962. The very sweet Fuji is the most widely grown apple in the world. This is particularly due to the fact that the world's largest apple producer, China, almost exclusively plants Fuji apples.
description
The fruit is medium in size, mostly large. The shape is round-conical, ribs can be seen. The appearance of the peel is pale greenish to yellowish green in its basic color and, depending on the type of apple, pink to brownish-red or dark red-violet striped and slightly fragrant. In the standard variant, the apple is often not brightly colored. In the meantime, however, there are numerous mutants on the market that are more strongly colored. The skin feels smooth, is thick, does not shine and can be rusty.
The stem pit is wide and shallow. It can be partly rusty . The stem itself is long and wide. The calyx pit is wide and medium deep, and clearly ribbed. The lenticels are strikingly white and comparatively large.
The taste is very sweet with only a little acid, which is almost completely broken down during storage. It's very crunchy and juicy. The cream-colored pulp is fine-celled and comparatively firm and juicy.
The tree is strong and spreads out in all directions. The branches tend to hang down. Sufficient branches and fruit wood are formed. The tree builds up in a round crown with good guide branch formation. The fruits arise on the one and two year old fruit wood.
history
Fuji was created in 1939 by breeding Ralls Janet with Red Delicious in Fujisaki , Aomori , Japan. It got its name in 1962 from the research station in Morioka , Japan, which Fuji named after the place where it was grown .
Fuji is the most important apple variety in China, the world's largest apple producer, and Japan. The variety plays an important role in cultivation in Korea, Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Australia. Fuji is now grown on a smaller scale worldwide. In Germany the tree only grows in very warm areas. In South Tyrol, however, Fuji is one of the most important cultivars.
Cultivation
Fuji loves warmth. In order for it to be able to mature in Germany at all, it needs south-facing slopes or sites with long exposure to sunlight. The tree produces fruit early in life, but in the first few years it blooms and ripens quite late and also produces water shoots. The tree is hardy, but the flowers are more susceptible to late frosts than, for example, Red Delicious or Jonagold .
Fuji blooms in the middle of the season. The variety has no pre-harvest of the fruit. The Fuji variety can be harvested in Central Europe from mid to late October and in Japan in mid November. The harvest is usually carried out in several passes. Indicators for the beginning of the harvest are the lightening basic color, the developing top color and the decreasing starch content, but not the skin strength.
In Japan and China, the fruit growers try different things to intensify the weak coloring. This includes packing individual fruits in bags, removing the leaves, reflecting mulch and turning the apples on the tree.
storage
The apple is ripe for consumption about a month after harvest. It can be stored in the CA warehouse until July. Compared to other varieties, Fuji loses only a little of its firmness outside of the warehouse and can therefore keep its freshness for a long time in the store. When stored for a short time, a CA warehouse improves the consistent aroma of the apple compared to a cold warehouse, but has no effect on the firmness. When stored in the CA warehouse for a long time, Fuji has a tendency to fruity browning , so do not keep the CO 2 content in the storage atmosphere too high .
Vulnerabilities and resistances
Fuji is prone to alternation and does not respond well to chemical thinning . Some of the common chemical thinning agents cause skin rust on Fuji and should therefore not be used. The variety tends to be glassy , an excess of juice in the pulp with the following lack of quality.
Fuji is very prone to scab and fire blight . Against mildew it is moderately resistant.
The tree is diploid and suitable as a pollinator. Like all apples, it is self-sterile.
Mutants
There are numerous mutants of this variety. In Japan alone there are 128 known mutants with a name. These are usually more red in color than the basic shape, but there are also mutants for other climatic conditions, the shape of the color, taste or harvest time. Striped variants are particularly popular in Japan. Common mutants are Nagafu , Red Sport , Aki Fu , Beni Shogun , Fubrax , Fuji Jubilé , Azufu , Aztec , Seirin Spur , Myra Red Fuji , Tensei , Yataka , Takano Wase or the club varieties SuN Fuji or Kiku Brak .
In breeding
Fuji is particularly popular in breeding because of its fruit size, taste and excellent storage properties. The variety is used extensively for breeding, particularly in the countries bordering the Pacific. Cultivars derived from Fuji are Himekami , Hokuto , Huaguan , Huashuai , Senshu, and Catarina .
Remarks
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cheryl R. Hampson, Henk Kemp: Characteristics of Important Commercial Apple Cultivars. In: DC Ferree, IJ Warrington (Eds.): Apples. Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-85199-592-6 , p. 67
- ↑ a b c d e f Bavarian State Institute for Horticulture and Viticulture: Apple - newer and proven varieties for commercial cultivation ( Memento from February 17, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ A b Cheryl R. Hampson, Henk Kemp: Characteristics of Important Commercial Apple Cultivars. In: DC Ferree, IJ Warrington (Eds.): Apples. Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-85199-592-6 , p. 66
- ^ Robert Fischer: Südtirol , HB Bildatlas, 2009 ISBN 3-616-06587-9
- ↑ a b c Cheryl R. Hampson, Henk Kemp: Characteristics of Important Commercial Apple Cultivars. In: DC Ferree, IJ Warrington (Eds.): Apples. Botany, Production and Uses. CABI Publishing, 2003, ISBN 0-85199-592-6 , p. 68
literature
- Willi Votteler: Directory of apple and pear varieties , Obst- und Gartenbauverlag, Munich 1993, p. 53, ISBN 3-87596-086-6 .
Web links
- Fuji at the fruit growing consultancy in Baden-Württemberg (VBOGL, Association of Servants for Fruit Growing, Horticulture and Land Care eV)