Fundação Nacional do Indio
The Fundação Nacional do Índio ( abbreviated FUNAI or Funai ; literally translated into German : National Foundation of Indians , but analogously National Authority for Indians ) is the Brazilian state body for the affairs of the indigenous population of Brazil . It is based in Brasília and was under the Ministry of Justice until January 1, 2019 . By a provisional presidential decree of January 2, 2019, the body is subordinate to the Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights ( Portuguese: Ministério da Mulher, Família e dos Direitos Humanos ), parts also to the Ministry of Agriculture.
FUNAI is subdivided into several departments that deal specifically with the protection of uncontacted tribes , for example .
FUNAI is supposed to ensure the observance of the rights of indigenous peoples according to the Brazilian constitution of 1988 and the Brazilian Indian Statute.
history
In 1910 the Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (abbreviated SPI ; German Service for the Protection of Indians ) was founded by the Brazilian adventurer Cândido Rondon . Rondon was also the first chairman of SPI; In 1930 he resigned from this post following a revolution that brought Getúlio Dornelles Vargas to power. In 1952 he took up this position again and had the idea of establishing a national park to protect the indigenous population. In 1961 this vision was finally implemented by the Villas Bôas brothers ; along the Rio Xingu in Mato Grosso , the Parque Indígena do Xingu was the first indigenous protected area.
Despite the ideals of its founder, SPI has come under increasing criticism over the years due to allegations of corruption and poor health care of the indigenous population. The Figueiredo Report, finally commissioned by the Brazilian Interior Ministry in the 1960s, accused SPI of failing to protect the indigenous population and contributing to atrocities against the Indians. In 1968 Der Spiegel reported that members of the SPI tortured and exterminated entire Indian tribes, e. B. arsenic soaked sweets to get to their land.
In 1967 the company was re-established under the name FUNAI. The authority pursued a policy of integration and assimilation of indigenous peoples until the late 1980s , which only later gave way to an increasing policy of self-determination by the indigenous peoples. Even today, the authority is viewed critically by members of indigenous peoples, as it works very bureaucratically and is repeatedly appointed staff who have openly spoken out against the rights of indigenous peoples.
The President of FUNAI was General Franklimberg Ribeiro de Freitas from January to June 2019. He had already directed it from May 2017. In April 2018, he resigned in a dispute with the agrarian faction in the Brazilian National Congress . This had accused him of not having released enough protected areas for agricultural use. Before that, Freitas had led the army against garimpeiros (illegal gold miners) in the Yanomami sanctuary in the state of Roraima .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Novo decreto de Bolsonaro retira da Funai licença de empreendimentos. In: com.br. Gazeta Online, January 2, 2019, accessed February 20, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ↑ Dom Phillips: Jair Bolsonaro launches assault on Amazon rainforest protections . In: The Guardian . January 2, 2019, ISSN 0261-3077 (English, theguardian.com [accessed February 20, 2019]).
- ↑ Brazil / Indians: arsenic and sugar lumps . In: Der Spiegel . No. 13 , 1968, p. 144 ( Online - Mar. 25, 1968 ).
- ↑ Presidente da Funai é exonerado , June 12, 2019, accessed on June 13, 2019.
- ↑ General Franklimberg é confirmado para reassumir o comando da Funai , accessed on January 18, 2019.
- ↑ General Frank Limberg é para escolhido presidir a Funai. O militar é de origem indígena , accessed January 18, 2019.