Günter Bräuer

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Günter Bräuer (born June 4, 1949 in Altena ) is a German paleoanthropologist and longstanding professor of anthropology at the University of Hamburg . He is considered to be one of the founders of the Out-of-Africa theory , according to which anatomically modern humans ( Homo sapiens ) originated in Africa and from there spread all over the world. Bräuer first presented this theory in 1982 at the 1st International Congress for Paleoanthropology in Nice as the “Afro-European Sapiens Hypothesis”. The name Out of Africa was created in the mid-1980s. based on the 1985 film by Karen Blixen Jenseits von Afrika (original title: Out of Africa ).

research

Günter Bräuer worked with Ilse Schwidetzky as a Dr. rer. nat. from 1984 to 1985 in Hamburg as a private lecturer in anthropology in the biology department. In 1985, as an employee in the function of an academic senior councilor, he was given the academic title of Professor of Anthropology in accordance with Section 17 of the Hamburg University Act . Until his retirement in 2014 he belonged to the Department of Biology and - after a reorganization of the organizational structure of the University of Hamburg in 2005 - to the Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences. Bräuer has been analyzing fossils of the genus Homo since the 1970s . In an award from the Senckenberg Society for Nature Research in 2005, it said: “With a focus on the past 2.5 million years, Bräuer followed the trail of our ancestors on numerous research trips to Africa and East Asia . With the fossil finds of the genus Homo in Europe, he is particularly interested in the replacement of the Neanderthals by modern humans. "

The trigger for Bräuer's research were fossil finds such as the skulls Omo 1 and Omo 2 from Ethiopia and various hominine fossils from Border Cave and the Klasies River Caves in South Africa , which were classified as Homo sapiens at least 100,000 years old in the early 1970s were; previously only 30,000 to 40,000 year old finds of Homo sapiens were known from Africa . By comparing the oldest and more recent finds from Africa with those from Europe, he used anatomical features to describe a continuity of gradual changes up to the present day. A consequence of his “Afro-European Sapiens Hypothesis” was the derivation that Homo sapiens - coming from Africa - replaced the Neanderthals in Europe and other archaic species such as Homo erectus in Asia (“replacement” instead of “continuity”). Until then, due to the seemingly seamless sequence of sites, the assumption had been widespread among experts that there was a slow, gradual evolutionary transition from Neanderthals to anatomically modern humans in Europe.

Fonts

  • Presapiens hypothesis or Afro-European sapiens hypothesis? In: Journal of Morphology and Anthropology. Vol. 75, No. 1, 1984, pp. 1-25, abstract
  • A craniological approach to the origin of anatomically modern Homo sapiens in Africa and implications for the appearance of modern Europeans. In: Fred H. Smith and Frank Spencer (eds.): The origins of modern humans: a world survey of the fossil evidence. Alan R. Liss, New York 1984, pp. 327-410, ISBN 978-0-8451-0233-6
  • The evolution of modern humans: a comparison of the African and non-African evidence. In: Paul Mellars and Chris Stringer (eds.): The human revolution. Behavioral and biological perspectives in the origins of modern humans. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1989, pp. 123-154, ISBN 978-0-691-08539-5
  • Africa's place in the evolution of Homo sapiens. In: G. Bräuer and Fred H. Smith (eds.): Continuity or replacement ‐ controversies in Homo sapiens evolution. AA Balkema, Rotterdam 1992, pp. 83-98, ISBN 978-90-6191-149-4
  • The "Out-of-Africa" ​​model and the question of regional continuity. In: Phillip Tobias , Michael A. Raath, Jacopo Moggi ‐ Cecchi and Gerald A. Doyle (eds.): Humanity from African naissance to coming millennia. Firenze University Press, Florence 2001, pp. 183–190, ISBN 978-88-8453-003-5 , full text (PDF)
  • The KNM ‐ ER 3884 hominid and the emergence of modern anatomy in Africa. In: Phillip Tobias, Michael A. Raath, Jacopo Moggi ‐ Cecchi and Gerald A. Doyle (eds.): Humanity from African naissance to coming millennia. Firenze University Press, Florence 2001, pp. 191-197, ISBN 978-88-8453-003-5
  • The Out of Africa Model and the Controversy about the Origin of Modern Humans. In: Nicholas J. Conard (ed.): Where does man come from? Attempto Verlag, Tübingen 2004, pp. 164-187, ISBN 978-3-89308-381-7
  • Searching for morphological evidence of Neandertal gene flow in early modern humans. In: Nicholas J. Conard (ed.): When Neanderthals and modern humans met. Kerns, Tübingen 2006, pp. 87-103, ISBN 978-3-935751-03-2
  • The origin of modern anatomy: By speciation or intraspecific evolution? In: Evolutionary Anthropology. Volume 17, No. 1, 2008, pp. 22-37, doi: 10.1002 / evan.20157
  • Middle Pleistocene Diversity in Africa and the Origin of Modern Humans. In: Jean-Jacques Hublin and Shannon P. McPherron (Eds.): Modern Origins. A North African Perspective. Springer, Dordrecht 2012, pp. 221-240I, ISBN 978-94-007-2928-5
  • with Helmut Broeg: On the degree of Neandertal ‐ modern continuity in the earliest Upper Palaeolithic crania from the Czech Republic: evidence from non ‐ metrical features. In: Keiichi Omoto and Phillip Tobias (eds.): The origins and past of modern humans towards reconciliation. World Scientific, Singapore 1998, pp. 106-125
  • with Kristján Mímisson: Morphological affinities of early modern crania from China. In: Enrique Baquedano and Susana Rubio Jara (eds.): Miscelánea en homenaje a Emiliano Aguirre. Vol. III: Paleoantropología. Museo Arqueologico Regional. Henares 2004, pp. 59-70, ISBN 84-451-2655-5
  • with Chris B. Stringer: Models, polarization and perspectives on modern human origins. In: Geoffrey A. Clark and Cathy M. Willermet (Eds.): Conceptual issues in modern human origins research. Aldine de Gruyter, New York 1997, pp. 191-201, ISBN 978-0-202-02040-2
  • with Richard E. Leakey and Emma Mbua: A first report on the ER ‐ 3884 cranial remains from Ileret / East Turkana, Kenya. In: G. Bräuer and Fred H. Smith (eds.): Continuity or replacement controversies in Homo sapiens evolution. AA Balkema, Rotterdam 1992, pp. 111-119, ISBN 90-6191-149-4
  • with Hilary John Deacon and Friedrich Zipfel: Comment on the new maxillary finds from Klasies River, South Africa. In: Journal of Human Evolution. Vol. 23, No. 5, 1992, pp. 419-422, doi: 10.1016 / 0047-2484 (92) 90089-R
  • with Yuji Yokoyama, Christophe Falguères and Emma Mbua: Modern human origins backdated. In: Nature . Volume 386, 1997, pp. 337-338, doi: 10.1038 / 386337a0
  • with Mark Collard and Chris B. Stringer: On the reliability of recent tests of the out of Africa hypothesis for modern human origins. In: The Anatomical Record A. Volume 279A, No. 2, 2004, pp. 701-707, doi: 10.1002 / ar.a.20064
  • with Helmut Broeg and Chris B. Stringer: Earliest Upper Paleolithic crania from Mladeč, Czech Republic, and the question of Neanderthal modern continuity: metrical evidence from the fronto ‐ facial region. In: Katerina Harvati and Terry Harrison (Eds.): Neanderthals Revisited. New Approaches and Perspectives. Springer, Heidelberg 2006, pp. 277-288, ISBN 978-1-4020-5120-3

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry Günter Bräuer on brockhaus.de , access date: April 20, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b Presentation of the Grüter Prize to Prof. Günter Bräuer. On: senckenberg.de from November 24, 2005
  3. ^ Günter Bräuer: Early anatomically modern man in Africa and the replacement of the Mediterranean and European Neanderthals. I. Congrès International de Paléontologie Humaine. Nice 1982, Resumés: 112.
  4. ↑ Chris Stringer : The Origin of Our Species. Penguin / Allen Lane, 2011, p. 77. ISBN 978-1-84614-140-9 .
  5. ↑ Günter Bräuer: The origin was in Africa. In: Spectrum of Science . No. 3, 2003, p. 40
  6. ↑ Günter Bräuer in the Hamburg professors catalog (accessed on November 3, 2018) 
  7. ^ Günter Bräuer: The "Afro-European sapiens hypothesis" and hominid evolution in East Asia during the late Middle and Upper Pleistocene. In: Courier Research Institute Senckenberg. Volume 69, 1984, pp. 145-165
personal data
SURNAME Bräuer, Günter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German paleoanthropologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 4, 1949
PLACE OF BIRTH Altena