Gaudlitz (noble family)
The von Gaudelitz , then von Gaudlitz , had been a Saxon noble family based in the Mark Meissen since the 14th century , and after 1756 they were Prussian nobility in the province of Saxony. The last known male noble family member Georg Eberhard von Gaudlitz lived around 1750. At the end of the 18th century, the male line died out.
history
origin
The origin of the gender has not yet been clearly clarified.
According to mentions in old documents, there were already several independent noble Gaudlitz families in the 14th century:
- Henricus and Conradus von Gudelitz, urk. 1310, brothers listed as "Oberhof" in connection with the construction of a manor house
- Reynher de Gudelitz, urk. 1327 to 1361 probable ancestral seat of Gaudlitz, in service with the Burgrave of Leisnig, closely associated with the Sornzig monastery
- Hans Gudelcz, urk. 1378, Erbarmann of the Wettin princes in Saalhausen / Oschatz, who had a dispute with Bishop Caspar about higher courts in 1380, Rittmeister of the Saxon Duke Wilhelm
- Adam de Gudelicz, urk. 1351
- Friedrich von Gudelicz, urk. 1400/01, sat too Grobe, sells interest in Lichtenberg, witness of the Burgrave of Leisnig
Surname
The name comes from the old Sorbian settlement of the same name, a round hamlet with three to five four-sided courtyards and a secluded upper courtyard , which dates back to the 8th to 10th centuries. In 1243 it was first mentioned as the place name of the Gudelicz settlement when it was handed over to the Sornzig monastery, in 1250 Gudeliz. In a document from 1310, the names of the brothers Henricus et Conradus de Gudelitz were named for the first time: Reynher de Gudelicz in 1327, Gudelicz in 1352, Gudelicz in 1378. Castrum Meißen, Supanie Schlagwitz, Guedenicz, 1450 Gaudlicz, 1466 Gudelicz, 1496 Gawdelitz, 1543/7 Gaudalitz, 1551/2 Gaudelitz, 1558 Gaudelitz, 1791 Gaudlitz.
According to current research, the name is formed from Old Sorbian gud - making music , such as:
- gudlica - place where music is made / place where music is made
- gudlici - people who make music
- to the Czech town of Hudlice - a place where there is noise (a place where woodcutters live)
- gudlici - people of a man named Gudl
In 1910 Ernst Mucke interpreted the name from the Old Sorbian Chudolici or Chudolazi - the poor swallowers, miserable people, poor hawkers: from asorb., Nds. chudy (asl. Chudǔ, osl. khudy) - poor, miserable; chudola and chudolaz (nds. Chudlaz) - the poor eater .
At the end of the 16th century, the “e” in the family name was dropped in the aristocratic family line, as in the place names and in the bourgeois family line, and the name Gaudlitz prevailed until the middle of the 18th century.
coat of arms
The oldest representation of the coat of arms of the noble family Gaud (e) litz - crossed lily plants - was made in 1458, when a JOH (ann) IS GUDELICZHE with ancestral seat Gaudlitz, ½ M. ssw Mügeln, registered his seal.
Siebmacher describes the coat of arms: “In a black shield, two crossed green lily sticks with silver flowers, torn with roots. On the crowned helmet a closed eagle flight, like the shield tinged. Helmet covers: black and silver. "
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4th
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- Coat of arms of Johannes Gaudlitz on a seal from 1458
- Coat of arms of those von Gaudelitz in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch Volume 6, Section 12, Plate 43, coat of arms of the dead nobility of the Saxon duchies
- Coat of arms of those von Gaudelitz in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch Volume 6 Section 6, coat of arms of the dead nobility of the province of Saxony
- Saxon main state archive in Dresden, in a pedigree for the colonel of the Saxon Guard Gottlob von Köckeritz auf Linde from 1710, this Gaudlitz coat of arms is contained in 3 generations for the period 1480 - 1610
- For comparison: Meinwartsburg coat of arms in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch Volume 6, Section 6, Plate 69, coat of arms of the dead nobility of the province of Saxony
Documents from the family from 1619 to 1705, which are in the Dresden State Archives, bear individual seals, which all contain crossed lilies, but differ in details such as name or helmet.
Grave tablets and illustrations
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- Gravestone for Hans Christof von Gaudelitz (+1598) in the Church of Collm
- Coat of arms as a detail of the tombstone
- Epitaph of Otto von Weise (1634-1693) and his wife in the vestibule of the Merseburg Cathedral. In the arkanthus frame, which is decorated with ancestral coats of arms, the coat of arms of the von Gaudelitz family is on the male (left) side. His grandmother was Sabina, born around 1564. v. Gaudelitz on Nischwitz.
Former possessions
The first possession was probably in the Saxon town Gaudlitz, which gave the family name, south-southwest of Mügeln, which is still referred to as the ancestral seat in 1458.
Collm and Nischwitz developed into headquarters .
In addition, they temporarily owned or owned goods in the following places: Altoschatz , Axin, Bannewitz , Bönitz, Calbitz , Crotenlaide, Eulenburg , Grobe / Gröba , Lobitz, Lönnewitz , Merzdorf / Matzdorf, Oelzschau (Torgau), Schmorkau , Schweinitz, Tautendorf, Thiemitz , Zschepen (Delitsch) , with the exception of Crotenlaide (now a part of Meerane), all in the Saxon region of Meißen . Buildings from the time of the Gaudlitz possessions are mostly only rudimentary.
Today's places with references to the Gaudlitz
The castles or mansions that exist today are probably on the squares, possibly also on the foundations of buildings and in the vicinity, which were formerly used by the Gaudlitz noble family. In addition to two tombstones in the church in Collm, the noble family has left the following traces:
Gaudlitz Office
The Gaudlitz Office is a special community in front of Wurzen that has existed for over 200 years. In 1598 Heinrich von Gaudlitz built 11 residential houses on the area of his estate on the Crostigal (suburb), these merged with the estate to create a special community that was independent of Wurzen - Gaudlitz, which remained connected to the community of Crostigall under official sovereignty. The current houses on Postgasse were built in 1733 and later, in 1839/43 the two municipalities of Crostigall and Gaudlitz were merged with the municipality of Wurzen
Gaudlitz mountain
The Gaudlitz-Berg near Röcknitz belonged to the Nischwitz fief of the von Gaudlitz family from 1400, then known as the “Starkaberg”, as a “Beystück” until around 1635. It was probably used primarily for the use of wood and hunting. Nothing is known about a quarry from this time. The mountain is 225 m high. It belongs to the Hohburger Mountains, also called Hohburger Schweiz, a small volcanic mass mountain range (part of the Saxon volcanic basin). The quartz porphyry of this area is relatively solid and not very weathered. Churches and permanent buildings in the wide area have been built from this material since ancient times, later for railway and road construction. A beautiful beech forest still grows on the eastern slope. The view extends to the foothills of the Ore Mountains. In 1878 the Thammenhain manor owner, Chamberlain Adolf Freiherr von Schönberg, bought the Gaudlitzberg and in 1892 opened a quarry on the southern edge of the Löbenberg in Hohburg. A year later he opened another quarry on Gaudlitzberg. Today the mountain includes a deep porphyry quarry that was shut down in 1981. Its steep slopes have been used by mountain climbers for only difficult climbs in difficulty V to VIIIb since 1997. It has been the venue of the open-air mountain film festival (Gaudlitz film trophy) of the German Alpine Club since 2012.
Gaudlitzberg
signpost
Georoute
Information board
map
Gaudlitz-Gut near Wurzen
An estate owned by the von Gaudlitz and Nischwitz families between 1490 and 1655. In order to move his bishopric from Meissen to Wurzen in 1489, the bishop built a quarry to extract hard blocks from both sides of the Crostigall. This created a driveway from the Muldenfurt to the plateau at the same time, where formerly (1579) sedate inns and 5 free estates , u. a. the spacious Gaudlitz estate. In the adjoining, previously swampy Rosental (separates Crostigall from Domberg with clear slopes, formed by the Rietzschke - right tributary to the Mulde, piped in the urban area since the middle of the 19th century), the estate included the Postteich, which existed until 1870 (then filled). The houses were on the dam. Two quarries can still be found today on the Crostigall, the so-called hollow road and the Pandurenloch. The estate was probably destroyed on the morning of April 7, 1637 in the course of an arson in the city, and in 1652 it was officially designated as the "desolate Gaudlitz estate" on the Crostigall. From the 16th to the 18th century, Wurzen was the last overnight stopover in the postal service between Dresden and Leipzig (1st Meißen, 2nd Oschatz). In 1625 the first regular mail connection was set up - twice a week as foot messenger mail. In 1652 it was converted into a riding post, and in 1681 it was changed to a post calesche twice a week. Until 1696 the post office was located in the Steinhof am Crostigall. After that, a “Saxon post office” was set up under Elector Augustus the Strong in the former Gaudlitz farm on the Crostigall. This existed until 1808. The manor house, servants' house, horse stables (demolished in 1997/98), coach houses and a baroque post gate from 1734 still exist from this period.
Gaudlitz houses in Wurzen
In 1598 Heinrich von Gaudlitz built 11 houses on his site, the Steinberg, on the midnight side of Gaudlitzgasse, on the Crostigal (suburb) in today's Postgasse, probably for families working on his farm. These were evidently inhabited since 1612 and since he built them without the knowledge of the office, each house was given 1 guilder protection money annually by the office. In 1714 there were 13 positions. These merge with the estate to form the Gaudlitz office, which was independent from Wurzen until 1839. In 1728 the bishop donated the Gaudlitz houses to the butchers' guild. In 1806, 62 houses burned down in Post- and Färbergasse. The current houses are built in 1733 and later.
Gaudlitz-Gasse in Wurzen
A street named in reference to the Gaudlitzhäuser built in 1598, which was renamed to today's Postgasse in 1734 after the establishment of the Saxon post office in Gaudlitzschen Hof in 1696 by Elector August the Strong and the construction of today's coat of arms adorned post gate. The street probably bore the name for over 100 years.
Memorial plaque in the Postgasse in Wurzen
Crossing with the memorial plaque in Wurzen
Name bearer
- Dorothee von Gudeliz, after 1381 / before 1399 prioress in the Sornzig monastery
- Ernst von Gaudelitz (approx. 1450 - approx. 1527) educated at the court of the Saxon Elector, Chamberlain, Court Truchseß and Councilor of the Ernestine Saxon Elector Friedrich II. The Wise, with him on a pilgrimage to Palestine in 1493 and on almost every Reichstag, member of the Germans Knight of the order, diplomat at larger courts in and outside Germany, Lutheran, supports Johann the Steadfast in suppressing the peasant uprising, buried in Collm
- Cunz von Gaudelitz, approx. 1480 - 1550 electoral Saxon court councilor and governor of Wurzen, 1528 - 1532 episcopal bailiff and bailiff of Wurzen, heir to Collm, expanded the Nischwitz saddle farm into the family seat
- Elisabeth von Gaudelitz, (approx. 1487 - approx. 1530), one of the three nuns who fled with Katharina von Bora from the Nimbschen monastery in 1523 , but did not go to Wittenberg with them; At Luther's request, she receives two money transfers from Elector Johann the Steadfast, and marries the Grimma citizen Gulmann
- Heinrich von Gaudelitz (after 1575 - approx. 1654) on Nischwitz, called the Nischwitzer, owner of the Gaudlitzberg near Röcknitz, built the Gaudlitz houses on the estate on the Crostigall in front of the gates of Wurzens in 1598 - later the Gaudlitz community, after his painting and seal from 1615 the family coat of arms is included in Siebmacher's coat of arms
- Hans Heinrich von Gaudlitz (ca 1600 - 1621) on Merzdorf
- Dam II von Gaudelitz, Archbishopric Magdeburg captain zu Ziesar from 1593 - 1632, hereditary lord of Collm, Nischwitz and Thiemitz, Chursächsische captain / captain in the Count Solms Regiment died in front of Prague, after more than 200 years the last of Gaudlitz at the family residence Collm
- Wolf George (en) von Gaudelitz, approx. 1627 - 1651 chamber page with Elector Friedrich Wilhelm zu Brandenburg, died in Paris while exercising his office, buried in the Huguenot cemetery in Paris
- Georg Eberhard von Gaudlitz, electoral Saxon major in the Bornstedt regiment around 1670 - around 1750, later colonel, Siebmacher ascribes a modified family coat of arms to him, the last known male family member to be that of Gaudlitz
The aristocratic family von Mangoldt-Gaudlitz, which died out in the male line in 1936, emerged from a marital union of Hans George von Mangoldt (born October 28, 1840 in Zwickau) with the bourgeois Louise Josephine Elisabeth Gaudlitz (born July 11, 1846 Leipzig, + December 13th, 1867) 1888 Dresden) and the name association approved in 1888. The name is carried on by female descendants.
Current research
Since 2000, the newly formed Gaudlitz Family Association has been researching the history of the aristocratic and the bourgeois lineage that still exists today.
As a result of many years of research, a family tree of the noble Gaudlitz family was created, in which over 100 persons known by name are listed in terms of time, place and their relatives.
See also
literature
- Heinrich Erwin Ferdinand von Feilitzsch, On the family history of the German, in particular the Meissnian nobility from 1570 to approx. 1820, Grossenhain and Leipzig 1896, p. 79
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke, New General German Adels Lexicon, 3rd vol, 1861, pp. 454f
- Hubert Ermisch, New Archive for Saxon History and Antiquity, Volume 1, 1880, p. 75
- Clemens Freiherr von Haqusen, vassal families of the Margraves of Meissen, Landgraves of Thuringia and Dukes of Saxony up to the beginning of the 17th century ..., C. Heymann, Berlin, 1892, p. 94f
- Ad.M.Hildebrandt, quarterly for heraldry, sphragistics and genealogy, Berlin, 1889, issue 3, p. 322f
- Genealogical aristocratic history or gender description of Derer Im Chur-sächsischen und ..., Leipzig 1729, part 2, p. 306, 315
- Siebmacher's heraldic book
Web links
- Homepage Wandruszka (2014): Genealogy from Gaudelitz to Nischwitz and Collm
- Gaudlitz family association
Individual evidence
- ↑ Historical Place Name Book of Saxony, Ernst Eicher / Hans Walter, Academy V. Berlin, 2001, p. 291 and Historical Place List of Saxony, new edition, Volume 1, Karl Heinz Blaschke, Lpz. Uni Verlag 2006, page 240
- ↑ Announcements of the historical u. Altertumsverein, Vol. 1, Wurzen 1910, Dr. Ernst Mucke, Freiberg
- ↑ a b c The seals of the nobility of the Wettin region up to the year 1500, Otto Posse, Vol. III, No. 581, Dresden 1908, plate 24, 11