Genioplasty

The genioplasty or genioplasty refers to techniques for influencing or modifying the chin , for example at a prognathism , mandibular retrusion or microgenia . The use of implants made of different materials ( silicone , Gore-Tex , Medpor etc.), which can be introduced through an incision in the oral vestibule, is widespread . These interventions are technically relatively easy to carry out and lead to predictable and reproducible results. However, since these are foreign materials, there is always the risk that the prosthesis can become infected, which makes it necessary to remove the implant. Cases of rejection, capsule formation, displacement or even bone loss have also been described, which negatively influenced the initially good result.

Chin augmentation

For an enlargement of the chin (chin augmentation) the use of alloplastic (exogenous) materials is preferred. These plastics, such as. B. hard silicone , soft silicone, Gore-Tex , Medpor, polypropylene , Proplast and hydroxyapatite are introduced either through an external access by means of an incision below the chin or through an intraoral access below the lower row of teeth near the sulcus.

Sliding plastic

If the use of foreign materials is not an option, it is possible to move and model the prominent chin through an osteotomy (bone cut). The original technique was described by R. Trauner and H. Obwegeser (cf. Lit). This technique is also often used, especially in the context of dysgnathia corrections. The disadvantages of the foreign material do not apply here, since only the own tissue is moved.

Planning security

In a study of long-term results after genioplasty, it could be shown that genioplasty with soft tissue peduncles, stable fixation with tension screws or mini plates and re-fixation of the soft tissue chin results in well plannable and very stable bony contours, but that planning related to the soft tissues - if at all - is only possible with great uncertainty.

A technically somewhat more demanding further development of genioplasty is the so-called Chin Wing osteotomy.

literature

R. Trauner, H. Obwegeser: “The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty. II. Operating methods for microgenia and distoclusion. " Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1957 Aug ; 10 (8): 787-92
R. Trauner, H. Obwegeser: “The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty. II. Operating methods for microgenia and distoclusion. " Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1957 Sep ; 10 (9): 899-909

Individual evidence

↑ P. Edelmann, Method and Mode of Action of Genioplasty ZWP-online
^ R. Trauner, H. Obwegeser: "The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty I. Surgical procedures to correct mandibular prognathism and reshaping of the chin." Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1957 Jul ; 10 (7): 677-89]
↑ D. Segner, W. -JH ltje: Long-term results after genioplasty. In: Advances in Orthodontics. 52, 1991, pp. 282-288, doi : 10.1007 / BF02166728 .

[1] P. Edelmann, Method and Mode of Action of Genioplasty ZWP-online

[2] R. Trauner, H. Obwegeser: "The surgical correction of mandibular prognathism and retrognathia with consideration of genioplasty I. Surgical procedures to correct mandibular prognathism and reshaping of the chin." Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1957 Jul ; 10 (7): 677-89]

[DOI10.1007/BF02166728-3] D. Segner, W. -JH ltje: Long-term results after genioplasty. In: Advances in Orthodontics. 52, 1991, pp. 282-288, doi : 10.1007 / BF02166728 .