Geoscoring

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Conceptual classification / definition

Geoscoring is a mathematical-statistical analysis technique used to make spatial predictions for a location or area on the basis of data. Geoscoring is a special method of scoring . In predictive analytics for crime statistics, geoscoring can, for example, spatially predict future crime cases (see also Predictive Policing ) (for a street or a so-called hot spot). In geophysics it is z. B. used to classify quality features of oil deposits (deposits). In marketing, geo- scoring (marketing) is used as a technique to spatially assess customer, market areas and locations (see also geomarketing ).

In credit scoring, a so-called geoscore can provide support in assessing the creditworthiness of customers based on their place of residence and the living environment (so-called microgeographic data). It is not (only) about the individual characteristics of each customer and their personal solvency.

Criticism of geoscoring in credit reports (historical, before GDPR 2018)

The methods of 'geoscoring in credit information' are said to harbor the danger of a self-fulfilling prophecy . The residents of poorer residential areas receive worse market conditions than the residents of more affluent districts, which leads to a further decline in purchasing power . Geoscoring is condemned by data and consumer advocates, urban planners and local politicians alike, as it favors the stigmatization of entire city districts.

Geoscoring in credit reports is said to be discriminatory because people are being generalized in an inadmissible manner. This process is also criticized because it is strongly reminiscent of the redlining process that was widespread in the USA in the 20th century but has long been banned , in which entire residential districts and city districts were classified by banks as "not worth investing" and consequently strong economic ones Suffered decline.

The then state data protection officer of Schleswig-Holstein, Thilo Weichert , stated that nobody should be discriminated against because of their place of residence and referred to the amendment of the Federal Data Protection Act ( BDSG) in 2010. With the GDPR 2018, the initial situation has changed accordingly.

Scoring and geoscoring according to the GDPR

Geoscoring , as a mathematical-statistical method, falls within the scope of scoring and is a special case.

Delimitation: (1) If personal data is processed, it falls under the application of GDPR Art. 22 and it is necessary to check whether, according to Paragraph 1, a data subject is not subject to a decision based solely on automated processing - including profiling, which has a legal effect on him or significantly affects it in a similar way (see also Scoring (BDSG new) . (2) If no personal data is used and the value indicates, for example, the probability of a future storm damage at a certain location, then geoscoring does not fall under the GDPR

literature

  • J. Ruhland In: J. Link, D. Brändli, C. Schleuning, RE Hehl: Handbuch Database Marketing. 2nd Edition. IM Fachverlag Marketing-Forum, Ettlingen 1997, ISBN 3-930047-21-7 , p. 629ff.
  • Yvonne Koerner In: Michael Herter, Karl-Heinz Mühlbauer (Ed.): Handbook Geomarketing. 2nd Edition. Herbert Wichmann, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-87907-653-6 , pp. 364, 365.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Krempl: Against Discrimination through Big Data: Researchers advocate data fairness. on: heise.de , May 10, 2017.
  2. ^ WL Perry, B. McInnis, CC Price, SC Smith, JS Hollywood: Predictive Policing: The Role of Crime Forecasting in Law Enforcement Operations . tape 1 . RAND Corp., Washington 2013, ISBN 978-0-8330-8148-3 , pp. 155 .
  3. ↑ P. Dromgoole, R. Speers: Geoscore; a method for quantifying uncertainty in field reserve estimates. In: Petroleum Geoscience. No. 3, February 1, 1997, pp. 1-12. (pg.lyellcollection.org)
  4. ↑ Example of a geoscoring of car sharing users
  5. ↑ Kerstin Dittert: Scoring: The look into the crystal ball (=  digitization . Volume 1 ). epubli, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-7418-8484-9 .
  6. ↑ Andreas Wilkens: Data Protection: Geoscoring ensures social discrimination. at: heise-online, September 4, 2008, accessed on October 18, 2009.
  7. ↑ You are where you live. ( Memento from February 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) - Article from the Quarks & Co series from September 15, 2009 - Online information accessed on February 19, 2015.
  8. ↑ Scoring: The Debts of Others. In: test. (Stiftung Warentest). Edition 2/2010, p. 9, ISSN  0040-3946
  9. ↑ Geodata and the GDPR - an area of ​​conflict. on: business-geomatics.com , July 23, 2018.