Dotted oak belt puppet tensioner
| Dotted oak belt puppet tensioner | ||||||||||||
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Dotted oak belt puppet wrench ( Cyclophora punctaria ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cyclophora punctaria | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The dotted oak girdle ( Cyclophora punctaria ), also known as the gray-red girdle , is a butterfly ( moth ) from the spanner family (Geometridae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 25 to 29 millimeters (1st generation); the next generation is usually much smaller and only reaches a wingspan of around 22 millimeters. The basic color of the forewings is sand-colored or has a reddish or yellowish tinge. The drawing is variable. The middle, slightly curved and brown-colored transverse line is always clearly pronounced. Towards the root follows a strongly curved row of points, consisting of strongly elongated points. Towards the edge there is a slightly curved row of points, the points of which are not elongated and are further apart than the points of the row of points towards the root. Another line of greatly elongated edge spots follows the edge; however, the fringes are colored in the basic color. The drawing elements continue on the hind wings. The discal spots are mostly in the basic color on the forewings and are therefore hardly visible. The fore and hind wings of newly hatched butterflies can have larger reddish-brown dusted areas, which in some specimens are even formed like spots.
The pale white, later reddish spotted eggs are covered with a network of coarse and fine ribs. At the top there is a recess in which the micropyle sits. The color of the caterpillars ranges from green to yellowish green to light brown. The back line is black, the side covered with reddish spots, which are bordered by yellow diagonal lines. The girdle doll, which is quite unusual for the Spanner family, is yellowish-brown to greenish with four rows of large, dark spots on the back. There are six strong bristles on the cremaster .
distribution and habitat
The species is predominantly distributed in Central and Eastern Europe. In the north, their distribution extends to southern Fennoscandia and the British Isles, in the west via France to parts of northern Spain, in the south via Italy, the Balkan Peninsula (with the exception of Greece) to Asia Minor (there only individual records). The eastern limit of the distribution is roughly the Urals . In the Caucasus region , the nominate subspecies is replaced by the subspecies C. punctaria fritzae . The distribution area of this subspecies extends to Iran .
The species occurs mainly in wooded areas with oak scrub and oak forests. In Central Europe, it rises up to 700 meters in the hill country, rarely up to 1,200 meters in the Alps, and regularly up to 1,300 meters in southern Europe. The species can still be quite common in these habitats. Sandy soils are preferred.
Phenology and way of life
The species flies two generations per year. In the north of the distribution area the second generation is usually incomplete, in the south an incomplete third generation can rarely be formed. The moths of the first generation appear from mid-April and overlap in July with the second generation, which flies until September. The moths are nocturnal and suck flowers of the heather ( Calluna vulgaris ), and in damp places. The caterpillars live monophagous on oaks such as pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ) and sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ), depending on which oak species occurs in the distribution area. The pupa hibernates.
Systematics
The species was first scientifically described by Carl von Linné in 1758 under the name Phalaena Geometra punctaria . Later, the species was still under the name Phalaena Geometra amata Linnaeus, 1758, Phalaena Geometra teutonica Linnaeus, 1758, Phalaena Geometra fultaria Villers, 1789 Phalaena communifasciata Donovan, 1808 Phalaena unifasciata Donovan, 1808 Geometrasubangularia Haworth, 1809, Geometra (Ennomos) acutaria Roquette, 1858, Zonosoma punctaria var. naevata Bastelberger, 1900 and Cosymbia delaeveri Berger, 1949, which are therefore more recent synonyms .
Cyclophora puntaria is currently divided into two subspecies: the nominate subspecies C. punctaria punctaria in most of the range and C. punctaria fritzae , which replaces the nominate subspecies in the Caucasus and northern Iran.
swell
literature
- Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .
- Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- Günter Ebert (Hrsg.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg Volume 8, Nachtfalter VI (Spanner (Geometridae) 1st part), Ulmer Verlag Stuttgart 2001. ISBN 3-800-13497-7
- Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. In A. Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 8-788-75737-4
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de: Taxonomy and photos
- Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa (English)
- Catalog of the Lepidoptera of Belgium (English)
- Ian Kimber: UK Moths (English)
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de
- Fauna Europaea occurrence and taxonomy