Total defense

Under general defense is defined as the total of all military and civil defense measures of a state and, if it belongs to a military alliance, all defensive measures in the Alliance.

Total defense concepts

The overall defense concept of a state is based on national circumstances and, if necessary, includes defense within the framework of the alliance. The principle of total defense is of particular importance for smaller and neutral states, because they have only limited military defense capabilities and cannot expect the assistance of a military alliance.

Germany

From 1955 onwards, the Federal Republic of Germany built up an overall defense organization that was initially based on four pillars:

• The Army , Air Force and Navy subordinate to NATO
• the down-to-earth national defense
• home air defense coordinated with NATO
• the civil defense coordinated by the Federal Minister of the Interior .

It is described in the Framework Guidelines for Overall Defense of 1989.

Austria

In Austria the overall defense is called comprehensive national defense . It consists of the following elements:

• National military defense
• Intellectual national defense
• Civil defense
• Economic national defense.

Switzerland

On June 27, 1973, Switzerland first issued a concept of comprehensive defense. According to this, the Federal Council is responsible for the overall defense. In March 1979, 34,000 soldiers from Field Army Corps 4 and air force units, as well as 9,000 civilians, took part in a general defense exercise. The maneuver was reported to the OSCE partner countries and was called a "crack nut" by the military.

Web links

• Framework guidelines for overall defense

literature

• Military History Research Office (ed.). Defense in the alliance - planning, building up and testing the Bundeswehr 1950–1972. Munich 1975. ISBN 3-7637-5137-8 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Military History Research Office (ed.). Defense in the alliance - planning, building up and testing the Bundeswehr 1950–1972. Munich 1975. ISBN 3-7637-5137-8 .
2. ↑ Framework guidelines for total defense
3. ^ Page of the Lower Austrian Civil Protection Association for comprehensive national defense
4. ↑ Report of the Federal Council on Switzerland's security policy (conception of overall defense), June 27, 1973
5. ↑ Defense demonstrations of F Div 6 , PIONIER 5/79, p. 3

Remarks

1. ↑ The Total Defense Concept Singapore's example, was derived from the total defense concepts of Switzerland and Sweden.