Comprehensive national defense

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The comprehensive national defense ( ULV ) was adopted as the basis of defense of Austrian neutrality in 1975 in paragraph 2 of Article 9a of the Federal Constitutional Law . The aim is to "preserve the external independence as well as the inviolability and unity of the federal territory, in particular to maintain and defend permanent neutrality."

Components

According to Article 9a of the Austrian Federal Constitution, comprehensive national defense includes:

The tasks of the Austrian Armed Forces are laid down in the Defense Act.
  • Spiritual national defense (GLV)
In the course of intellectual national defense, the population must be made aware of the need to defend Austria's liberal and democratic values. Contrary to the narrowing of the term, which reduces intellectual national defense to the development of an awareness of the necessity of military national defense, in the areas of overlap with political education, in accordance with the guidelines of the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research, intellectual national defense is understood when it comes to political education The aim of Austria's schools is to develop the formation and shaping of a reflected and (self-) reflective political awareness. Such political awareness is the basis for being able to make a contribution to (defend) liberal democracy and to implement the values ​​of the Austrian Federal Constitution.
The Austrian Competence Model for Political Education, which forms the basis of the Austrian curricula and the didactic training of all teachers at universities and colleges of education, takes this requirement into account. All topics dealt with in class must serve to initiate and develop domain-specific political competencies. (BMUKK, 2013)
  • Civil defense (ZLV)
This includes all civil protection , as well as the functioning of the civil authorities in the event of a defense or the maintenance of internal security by the police
  • Economic national defense (WLV)
This includes the storage of food as well as the creation of energy supplies. Also measures that the economy can continue to operate in times of crisis or war.

rating

This law must be seen against the background of the Cold War and the exposed location at the Iron Curtain , but it still applies today, although it can be assumed that there will be no conventional military threats against Austria “for the foreseeable future”.

Since the threat image has changed significantly since the fall of the Iron Curtain and as a member of the EU , the concept of comprehensive national defense is to be changed to comprehensive security according to the proposal of the Austria Convention .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ BMBWF: Intellectual national defense. Retrieved January 15, 2019 .
  2. ^ Krammer, R., Kühberger, C. & Windischbauer, E: The skills to be acquired through political education. A competence structure model. Retrieved January 17, 2019 .
  3. ↑ BMBWF: intellectual defense - Prototypical tasks. Retrieved January 15, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Austrian Security Strategy : Security in a New Decade - Shaping Security. ( PDF ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uogv.at
  5. ↑ Proposal for amendment (PDF; 30 kB) of the Austria Convention, accessed on January 10, 2009