History and social studies

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History and social studies (short: GS, GSK, GS / PB or also GSPB - formerly also referred to as H because of "history") is the name of a subject that is taught exclusively in Austria .

General

This subject is taught independently from the lower level (5th grade of the SI = Hauptschule - HS, Neue Mittelschule - NMS (which will replace the HS from 2017), General Education - AHS). In elementary school (primary level), the contents of this subject area are taught as “comprehensive lessons ” within the framework of the subject “ general teaching ”.

This combination of subjects was created at secondary levels I and II from 1962 as part of the reorganization of the Austrian school system in the so-called SCHOG 62 . Together with “History and Social Studies” (GS), “ Geography and Economics ” (GW) was laid down in a constitutional law as a dual focus subject. The background for this setting of the course were efforts by the legislature on the one hand to anchor social science content in the general education system, but on the other hand not to increase the number of subjects taught. " Biology and Environmental Studies " (BU) was added later as a third combined subject . Since 2008, the subject “GS” has been given a further emphasis with the addition “History and Social Studies / Political Education”. However, other school subjects also contain broad and important parts of political education (such as GW, or D) and there has been a "teaching principle of political education" which teachers can observe in all subjects since 1978.

The curricula for this can be found on the website of the Austrian Ministry of Education. or on the “Polis” portal.

In the general education schools (Hauptschulen or NMS and Gymnasien / AHS lower grades and upper grades) the subject is taught in grades 6 to 12 d. H. Classes 2 to 8, up to the final examination (" Matura ") taught. The situation at the upper levels of vocational schools (BHS and BMS) looks a bit thinner. Here the subject has fewer weekly hours available. In the BHS curriculum there are also the options to choose GS for the Matura. GS is sometimes taught as a combination subject with other subjects.

The area of ​​subject didactics "History and Social Studies" in and about Austria is also very open online:

There has been a large entry portal on the Austrian school portal for all subjects edugroup.at for a long time . Here you can find a broad introduction to the subject matter, curricula, subject didactic and methodological areas, but also extensive material for teaching design online.

The University of Vienna has its own specialist didactics center for history and social studies / political education. The Association for History and Social Studies VGS publishes a magazine called "Historische Sozialkunde". After 2011, a team of subject didactics from the University of Vienna published a "subject didactics - model / collection of examples"

Various publisher websites also provide information on how exactly the lessons in GW can look like. The history and social studies / political education - school books (and with three of these publishers also school atlases) illustrate the very different ways in which the curricula are put into practice! You are e.g. The current school books for GS come from the following publishers (in alphabetical order): Bildungsverlag Lemberger, Bundesverlag, Hölzel , Jugend & Volk , Manz Verlag, Olympe Verlag, Trauner Verlag, Veritas , and Westermann .

GS in the lower level (AHS, HS and new middle schools)

The current curriculum for 10-14 year olds (in Austria these are the Hauptschulen or New Middle Schools and the lower grades of the general secondary schools - AHS) is identical. In its basic paradigm, the curriculum dates from 1985, but was issued in a somewhat abbreviated version in 2000 as a minimal curriculum (here also as a "core area" to which the teachers should assign an "extension area") and in 2008 in the 3rd and 4th grades added the expression political education. There is also an official comment on this.

The timetable prescribed by the Ministry of Education, which can be changed independently of the school, provides for a total of six weekly hours a year in the SI. In the grammar schools and HS / NMS, GS is taught from the second year of learning according to the standard lesson table - so in the first four years / classes the standard proposal for GS is 0 - 2 - 2 - 2 hours per week. Some NMS develop, but also school-autonomous subject combinations and / or other time distributions - for example on learning fields together with the subject geography and economics - compare for example in this compilation.

In the first year of learning GS, that of the second grade (6th grade) , the lessons should provide insight into the history of the period from the first appearance of humans to the end of the Middle Ages, in the third grade (7th grade) from the beginning of modern times to the end of the First World War, in the fourth grade (8th grade) from the end of the First World War to the present. The curriculum texts for GS at Hauptschule / Neue Mittelschule / AHS lower level are identical, even if the educational goals differ. However, the individual school locations have the right to shift lessons independently of the school or to create their own combinations of subjects at the NMS.

In 2015, a working group developed a draft curriculum that is divided into (broader) modules. In February 2016, the LP regulation text GS / PB entered the assessment phase in the Ministry of Education (Note: As a rule, this text changes only marginally towards the final version). It is interesting to compare this with the text claims that the 2015 GS-LP stipulates for the HTL! On 17./18. In March 2016, a multiplier seminar for teachers at PHs and advanced training took place at the PH-Salzburg. The Ministry of Education has decreed that the new curriculum will come into force at the 10 to 14-year-old level at the start of the 2016/17 school year. There is also an official comment from 2016

GS at the upper level of secondary schools (AHS and BHS)

In the upper level of the general secondary schools (AHS) history and social studies / political education are represented according to the standard lesson table with seven hours per week (1 - 2 - 2 - 2 weeks) in all grades and thus a subject of the maturity examination. However (similar to the lower level), this timetable can be changed by the school - for example, if the school’s own focus subjects are introduced or expanded. In addition, S II pupils can also take an in-depth “elective GS / PB” with 2 times 2 hours per week. This can also be selected for the Matura. Here, the LP specifications are kept very flexible, so that the students are also intended to participate in the selection of topics. In addition / as an alternative, a so-called “non-binding exercise in political education” can potentially be carried out in schools. Politically educational goals and content are also firmly anchored in other curriculum texts - for example in the educational goal of geography and economics , but also prominently in the subject of German or art education.

In the next few years it will also become clear whether the changeover to the new school leaving examination regulations (from 2015) will also bring about changes in the previous lessons. Not only does the required competence orientation play a role here, but also the fact that in future the Matura questions will have to be drawn from a pool of topics by the student. The then only one (!) Exam question (instead of a previously selected and prepared special question, to which 2 shorter core questions were added - one of which could then be selected) must be answered longer and more intensively than before, an important role. Furthermore, all candidates now have to write a so-called pre-scientific work (VWA) - so far, the so-called written departmental theses for the Matura were one of three optional variants that could be chosen voluntarily (from around 20% of a year)! Written expressiveness, dealing with factual texts and a broader variation of working methods will therefore be necessary and will have a significant methodological influence on teaching in all upper school years!

In 2013, the Ministry of Education set up a working group to propose a “semester” (ie structured according to semester) version of the curriculum. On May 18, 2016, the AHS upper level curriculum draft was assessed (including explanations of how it should come into force in September 2017).

In the vocational secondary schools (BHS) the situation differs considerably depending on the school type and focus. Here, too, however, a new school leaving examination ordinance will come into effect - a year later than in the AHS, which will have a strong influence on the previous lessons.

The higher technical institutes (HTL) also always had history as a subject. However, in this type of school the canon of general subjects is very much reduced or some are not offered to compensate for the type-defining technical subjects. History is only taught in this S II form for a total of four hours per week. With the HTL 2011 curriculum, a first innovation was brought to this type of school in Austrian upper-level schools: history was first conceived as a so-called area subject.

HTL 2011: Competence areas in the field of "Geography, History and Political Education (including Economic Basics)" In 2015, there was a small change, because at the same time as other upper-level curricula at the HTL, the LP had to be divided into independent semester modules ("semesterization"):

1st year Geography competence area . . .
II. Year . Competency area history . .
III.Jg. . Competency area history Competence area political education Competence area economic fundamentals
IV. Geography competence area Competency area history Competence area political education .
V. Jg. . . Competence area political education .

The second important VHS type, the commercial schools (HAK) received a new (“competence-oriented”) curriculum on August 27, 2014. It is interesting that this is the first “semester” issued curriculum in Austria! There is space for “Political Education and History (Economic and Social History)” in the context of a “Society and Culture” cluster in grades II / from the 3rd semester / competence module up to year IV, 8th competence module. In a combined subject with geography (economic geography) as "IWK" ("International Economic and Cultural Areas " that both history and geography teachers are allowed to teach) in the fifth and thus last year, graduated in the 9th competence module.

The higher education institutions for business professions (HLW) and the other smaller types of vocational middle and higher schools naturally take a different path than the AHS due to their vocational focus. Traditionally, the development of the curriculum in the general education subjects is influenced by the two large types of schools mentioned above. In mid-2015 there was also CPR and the III. Up to age 5 in a cluster “Economics” held the subject “Global Economy, Economic Geography and Economics” a (very quickly compiled) new, semester-long LP assessment draft HLW 2015. This came into force with Vdg 340 of November 17, 2015.

The development in the curricula for technical, commercial and arts and crafts schools, which were issued on September 1, 2016, took an interesting and innovative turn . The area is divided into two parts: "Geography and economic education" (where for the first time in the technical FS G was combined with W) and the "area of ​​history and political education". In the 1st year of learning, the 2 WoSt. shared between the two areas. In the 2nd year of learning, in which the semester becomes effective, the GWGSPB area only received 1 WoSt. conceded. For the first time, a curriculum commission formulated four projects to be dealt with integratively (about 6-8 hours each, 2 per semester): "Media and Power", "Migration, Interculturality and Diversity" and in the 2nd semester a "European Union Project" or "Project Globalization" in which all areas should provide content.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ School teaching curriculum on the Ministry of Education website ( Memento of the original from November 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  2. ↑ SCHOG - School Organization Act, Federal Law Gazette of the Republic of Austria No. 242 of July 25, 1962
  3. ↑ In 2008 GS was renamed GS / PB
  4. ↑ The principle of political education as a teaching principle ( memento of the original from February 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  5. ↑ Ministry of Education - curricula online ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  6. ^ Portal Polis - curriculum page
  7. ↑ Entry portal "History" on edugroup.at
  8. ↑ Didactics Center for History, Social Studies and Political Education at the University of Vienna - Resources
  9. ^ Journal of "Historische Sozialkunde" of the VGS in Vienna
  10. ↑ Dmytrasz / Ecker u. a. (oJ): Didactics of History, Social Studies and Political Education. University of Vienna
  11. ^ Edel K .: The textbook in history lessons. Vienna no year
  12. ↑ BVL
  13. ↑ öbv.at
  14. ↑ hoelzel.at
  15. ↑ Jugendvolk.at
  16. ↑ Wissenistmanz.at
  17. ↑ olympe.at ( Memento of the original from February 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.olympe.at
  18. ↑ trauner.at
  19. ↑ veritas.at
  20. ↑ Westermann.at (merged with Dorner)
  21. ↑ BMB - website concept new middle schools from 2015 the HS will replace
  22. ↑ cf. Strotzka H .: On the practice of history lessons. In: Pedagogy from the Federal Publishing House - ÖBV, Vienna 1983; or CURRICULUM SERVICE: History and Social Studies (HS and AHS) Commentary booklet 2nd 1st edition. ÖBV, Vienna 1988.
  23. ↑ cf. Windischbauer E .: History and Social Studies / Political Education. New curriculum for lower secondary level I. In: Historische Sozialkunde H. 1, 2009 pp. 27–34
  24. ^ Kühberger / Windischbauer: Commentary on the curriculum AHS lower level / secondary school history and social studies / political education
  25. ^ "New Middle Schools" (NMS) LP in BGBl. 185 v. May 30, 2012 - Examples of lesson tables on pages 17 - 22 ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  26. ^ Christian Matzka: Geography, history, social studies, economics and political education, a common school subject, contributions to an Austrian curricular discussion. In: Schwarz Ingrid, Gabriele Schrüfer, Ed .: Diverse Geographies. Waxmann, Münster 2014. ISBN 978-3-8309-3051-8
  27. ↑ Current curriculum of the secondary school ( memento of the original dated November 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  28. ↑ Current curriculum of the AHS lower level ( Memento of the original from February 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  29. ↑ GS / PB LP draft according to modules - as of 2015 ( Memento of the original from May 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.politik-lernen.at
  30. ↑ Assessment of the curriculum in the BMBF in March 2016 ( memento of the original from April 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  31. ↑ Review text from Feb / March 2016 on "History and Social Studies / Political Education at NMS and AHS Lower Levels"
  32. ↑ LP regulation GS / PB in BGBl. II No. 113/2016 v. 05/18/2016
  33. ↑ Th. Hellmuth / Ch.Kühberger: Commentary on the curriculum of the New Middle School and the AHS lower level "History and Social Studies / Political Education". BMB Vienna 2016
  34. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated November 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. AHS upper level curriculum @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  35. ↑ Cf.: How political is GW, GS?
  36. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated November 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  37. ↑ Subject guidelines for the competence-oriented school leaving examination ( Memento of the original from February 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  38. ↑ http://www.ahs-vwa.at/
  39. ↑ AHS upper level curriculum 2016 - Draft assessment by the Ministry of Education ( Memento from May 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  40. ↑ Explanations on the AHS-Oberstufen-LP, which is to apply from September 2017 ( Memento from May 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  41. ↑ abc.berufsbildendeschulen.at ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.abc.berufsbildendeschulen.at
  42. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated November 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmbf.gv.at
  43. ↑ See: TANZER G .: Political education at HTL. In Inf.z.Pol. Education 34 2011
  44. ↑ Curriculum for higher technical institutes (HTL 2011) in Federal Law Gazette 300 of September 7, 2011 - history etc. on page 16
  45. ↑ Curriculum for higher technical colleges (HTL 2015)
  46. ↑ Curriculum for commercial schools (HAK) 2014 in BGBl. 209. Vdg. v. August 27, 2014 - history on pages 79-81
  47. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.abc.berufsbildendeschulen.at
  48. ↑ HLW - 2015 - Draft Assessment - History can be found here under the compulsory items in No. 4.1.
  49. ↑ HLW / HUM Vdg 340 v. November 17, 2015 ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.abc.berufsbildendeschulen.at
  50. ↑ LP techn. Fachschulen, Federal Law Gazette No. 240/2016 of September 1, 2016, Annex 1; "Geography History and Political Education" p. 18ff