Trained

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The educated were a social class that can be seen as an early form of the later class of intelligence.

Relatives

This social group was in the country; part of the rural social structure . In the city , as “propertyless intellectuals ” , they differed from the wealthy and educated bourgeoisie by their relatively modest material living conditions.

country

In the countryside, the group of the trained consisted of three subgroups that were quite different in their social position:

  1. Persons in managerial positions, such as B. head forester , manor manager , hammer lord , etc., who were often quite wealthy.
  2. People in subordinate positions who, according to their social class, were often also cottagers , such as schoolmaster , cantor , bailiff , etc.
  3. the pastors .

The fact that the “trained”, who could perhaps be called “rural intelligence” in the country, if their contemporaries had already known this term, which only slowly emerged around 1900, must have been relatively agile in reading and writing , highlights them from other social classes and gives their social mobility certain similarities. They were a small minority. In contrast to all other classes and strata, their marriage circle was strongly connected to the city.

city

In the city, too, the men of this social class of middle-class civil servants and employees , teachers and writers are distinguished by the fact that the ability to read and write, and for tax collectors also to do arithmetic , played a greater role in their profession than in most others City dwellers. In Saxony this social class of the "literate" has grown from less than 3% of the city's population around 1550 to 12% around 1870. The intermediate stratum of the "dispossessed intellectuals" of the cities only ever reproduced themselves by 20% from themselves. The people who only had their clever mind and nothing else always came, i.e. H. in every generation again, 30 to 50% directly from the countryside, were the sons of schoolmasters, pastors, but also of farmers and rural artisans . But they rarely brought their wife with them from the country. City of which they married into the city handicraft or the daughter of a dispossessed intellectual who already lived in the city. In the following generation , a third of the sons rose to the property and educated bourgeoisie, and a considerable percentage established themselves in urban handicrafts and small businesses. In no other class as in the trained or dispossessed intellectuals of the cities is it so clear what the sociologist Hermann Mitgau once called the “social fate of the generations” when he spoke of platform professions from which social advancement will continue in the next generation .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population and social mobility: Saxony 1550-1880. Berlin 1993. Chapter 1.5. Trained, page 80
  2. ↑ Population and social mobility: Saxony 1550-1880. Berlin 1993. Chapter 2.6. The "dispossessed intellectuals," p. 85
  3. ↑ Population and social mobility: Saxony 1550-1880. Berlin 1993. Chapter 4.2. The social mobility of the urban population, page 149, table 29
  4. ↑ Population and social mobility: Saxony 1550-1880. Berlin 1993. Chapter 4.2. The social mobility of the urban population, page 150, table 30, also online, see literature