Vault push
The term vault thrust (also vault pressure ) describes the thrust forces of a vault , which are always directed outwards , which can lead to cracking, inclination and ultimately even to the collapse of the outer walls (= abutment ) and thus to the collapse of the vault itself or large parts of the structure.
The resulting shear forces and thus their effects are dependent on the span and weight of a vault and the clearance height of the abutments.
Antidote
Corresponding countermeasures (wooden struts, the addition of other components, buttresses , buttresses , surcharges , tie rods , ring anchors, etc.) can be used to counteract the vault thrust provisionally or permanently, with the buttresses added during the construction period or subsequently being the common method for centuries. Wooden tie rods were already known in the Middle Ages (e.g. Tournus , St. Philibert ), but were only rarely used; iron tie rods and ring anchors were not regularly used until the late Renaissance (e.g. Florence, cathedral dome ) or the baroque period (e.g. Dresden, Frauenkirche ).
In bridge construction , the stringing together of components of the same height and usually also of the same dimensions led to statically unproblematic results. This method found z. Sometimes also used in aqueducts , cellar vaults, transverse barrel vaults , crypts , hall churches or mosque buildings etc. However, damage to a component often caused by external forces (earthquakes, floods etc.) often leads to chain reactions.
photos
Berneuil , Notre-Dame - Inclination of the outer walls due to the vault extension
Berneuil , Notre-Dame - buttresses added later on the outer walls
Berneuil , Notre-Dame - buttresses added later in the corners of the facade
Tournus , St. Philibert - wooden tie rods in the upper front church
