Shiny smooth snail

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Shiny smooth snail
Systematics
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Cochlicopoidea
Family : Smooth snails (Cochlicopidae)
Genre : Cochlicopa
Type : Shiny smooth snail
Scientific name
Cochlicopa nitens
( v. Gallenstein , 1848)

The glossy smooth snail ( Cochlicopa nitens ), also known as the glossy agate snail , is a terrestrial snail from the family of the smooth snail (Cochlicopidae).

features

The case is 6.2 to 7.5 mm high and 2.8 to 3.4 mm (up to 3.2 mm) wide (thick). The whorls are strongly arched, the seams clearly formed. It is horn-brown, maroon to coffee-brown in color and transparent. The surface is very shiny. The pear-shaped mouth is rounded. The lip is a little thickened.

The soft body is almost black and shines through the case. In the male part of the sexual apparatus, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) branches off early from the egg duct (sperm duct). The spermatic duct is not twisted and merges into the epiphallus. This is about as long as the penis. At the junction between the penis and the epiphallus, the retractor muscle and a very long, thin appendix with a thick, club-shaped end are attached. The free fallopian tube is longer than the vagina. The spermathec is moderately long and the bladder is relatively small. A very moderately long diverticulum starts in about half of it .

Similar species

The case of Cochlicopa nitens is larger and wider than the case of Cochlicopa lubrica and has more arched passages and a clearer seam. The apex is more pointed than that of C. lubrica . It is also usually much darker. The sexual apparatus of the two species is very similar. In C. lubrica only the free fallopian tube is much longer than the vagina; in C. nitens the free fallopian tube is only slightly longer than the vagina. On the other hand, the sexual apparatus of both species differs quite clearly from that of Cochlicopa lubricella .

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The glossy smooth snail occurs only in a few places in Europe, which are mostly completely isolated from each other. It is only known from a few sites in south-eastern Sweden, Denmark (Zealand), the Baltic States, northern France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria. The species is also found subfossil in England and Canada (Quebec). In the east, the distribution area extends over the Eastern European Table, the Crimea, the Caucasus to southern Siberia.

It prefers very moist, calcareous locations such as periodically flooded bogs and swamps, along irrigation channels, but also very wet meadows and wet forests on calcareous subsoil. In Switzerland it can be found up to an altitude of 1200 m.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1848 by Meinrad Ritter von Gallenstein as bulimus nitens . It was mostly considered a synonym of Cochlicopa lubrica . Only since 1956 has the taxon been generally recognized as an independent species.

Danger

The species is very rare in Europe and limited to a few locations. It is particularly endangered by intensive agriculture and habitat destruction. It is considered critically endangered in Germany and critically endangered in Austria and Switzerland. The IUCN classifies the type overall, as not endangered one.

supporting documents

literature

  • Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 100)
  • Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 140)
  • Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 2 Subclasa Pulmonata I Ordo Basommatophora II Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafamiliile: Succinacea, Cochlicopacea, Pupillacea. 443 pp., Bucharest 1987 (pp. 208/9).
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (pp. 84/5)
  • Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 p., 679 p., Q1-Q78 p., Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (p. 113)
  • Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 55)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ AnimalBase - Cochlicopa nitens
  2. ↑ Kerney et al. (1983: pp. 84/5)
  3. ↑ Xavier Cucherat & Sylvain D. Emuynck: Annotated checklist of the terrestrial gastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Nord - Pas-de-Calais region. Bulletin de la Malacologie Continentale Française, MalaCo, 2: 40-91 2006
  4. ↑ RC Preece: Cochlicopa nitens (gallstone) in the British Late-glacial and Holocene. Journal of Conchology, 34: 215, 1992 abstract
  5. ↑ Lauriol, B., E Deschamps, L Carrier, W. Grimm, R. Morlan & B. Talon 2003: Cave infill and associated biotic remains as indicators of Holocene environment in Gatineau Park (Quebec, Canada). Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 40: 789-803
  6. ^ Kantor, Yuri I., Maxim V. Vinarski, Anatoly A. Schileyko, Alexander V. Sysoev 2010: Catalog of the Continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories. PDF
  7. ↑ Meinrad Ritter von Gallenstein: Systematic directory of the land and freshwater conchylia discovered so far in the province of Carinthia, with details of the most important places where they were found, together with brief instructions for prospective conchylia collectors. 1-28, Laibach, Blasnik, 1848 (p. 10). PDF
  8. ↑ Nilsson, A. 1956: Cochlicopa nitens (Kokeil) Gallenstein and C. minima Siemashko, two independent species in the collective C. lubrica (Müller). Arkiv för Zoologi, Ser. 2, 9 (8): 281-304.
  9. ↑ Georg FJ Armbrusterl & Detlef Bernhard 2000: Taxonomic Significance of Ribosomal ITS1 Sequence Markers in Self-fertilizing Land Snails of Cochlicopa (Stylommatophora, Cochlicopidae). Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Zool. Row 76 (1): 11-18
  10. ↑ Jürgen H. Jungbluth & Dietrich von Knorre 2009: Red list of internal mollusks (snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)) in Germany. Announcements of the German Malacological Society, 81: 1-28 PDF
  11. ↑ Cochlicopa nitens in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Listed by: Seddon, MB, 1996. Retrieved February 15, 2014.

On-line

Web links