Common snails

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Common snails
Common smooth snail (Cochlicopa lubrica)

Common smooth snail ( Cochlicopa lubrica )

Systematics
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Cochlicopoidea
Family : Cochlicopidae
Genre : Common snails
Scientific name of the  family
Cochlicopidae
Pilsbry , 1900
Scientific name of the  genus
Cochlicopa
A. Férussac , 1821

The smooth snails ( Cochlicopa ), also called agate snails , are currently the only genus of the family Cochlicopidae from the subordination of the land snails (Stylommatophora). They are mostly small or very small forms that are widespread in the Holarctic .

features

The right-hand wound housings are usually small and bulbous-conical. They measure about 5.5 to 7.5 millimeters in height and 2.1 to 2.8 millimeters in width. They have up to about 7 turns. The spindle is flattened or rounded at the bottom. The surface is brownish, sometimes with a light reddish or greenish tone and smooth and shiny. Projections ("teeth") or thickenings ("calli") can protrude into the mouth. The housings have no navel gap. The prostate is ribbon-like, the epiphallus without any accessory organs. The inner surface of the penis does not have any special internal structures. An appendix on the penis can be present or absent. The stem of the sperm library is relatively short and slender; the pedicel diverticulum, if any, is relatively short.

Geographical distribution and way of life

The genus or family was originally distributed in Europe, North America and North Asia (Holarctic). In the meantime, some species have been anthropogenic almost worldwide. They live in moist forests in moss and under leaves, in floodplains and lime-rich swamps, but also in drier places (e.g. sloping grass). As far as is known, the animals lay only a few large, soft-shelled eggs that are covered with earth. The young hatch after about 14 days.

Taxonomy

The taxon Cochlicopa was established in 1821 by André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac . Carl Agardh Westerlund designated Helix lubrica Müller in 1902 and in 1774 as a type species. The taxon Cochlicopidae was proposed by Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1900.

The common snail family is mostly referred to in the literature as Cochlicopidae. Theoretical priority, however, is given to the older name Cionellidae Kobelt, 1878, which is based on the younger synonym of Cochlicopa , Cionella Jeffreys, 1829. However, this name has rarely been used and should therefore be considered a forgotten name ( nomen oblitum ). The Cochlicopidae are currently one of three families in the superfamily Cochlicopoidea. In addition to the nominate family ( Cochlicopidae ), the families Amastridae and Azecidae are currently included in this superfamily . Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) divide the Cochlicopoidea into only two families, Cochlicopidae and Amastridae. The family Cochlicopidae is divided into two subfamilies by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), Cochlicopinae Pilsbry, 1900 and Azecinae Watson, 1920. Other authors list the type genus Azeca among the Cochlicopidae, i.e. H. consider Azecidae / Azecinae as a synonym of Cochlicopidae / Cochlicopinae (cf. Schileyko, 1998).

According to Madeira et al. (2010) the Azecidae are not closely related to the Cochlicopidae, i. H. the taxon is in any case an independent family, and is probably not even part of the Cochlicopoidea. Currently the Cochlicopidae contain only one genus, which is divided into two subgenera.

The scope of the genus or the number of assigned species are not yet firmly established, especially since Starobogatov (1996) based an idiosyncratic species concept and z. B. excreted ten species in Central and Western Europe. Most Western European reviewers assume three to four species.

supporting documents

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997 (hereinafter abbreviated Bouchet & Rocroi, Working classification with corresponding page number)
  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (1): 1-127, Moscow 1998 ISSN  0136-0027 (in the following abbreviated Schileyko, Treatise, 1, with corresponding page number)
  • Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 p., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (in the following abbreviated to Kerney, Landschnecken with corresponding page number)
  • Jürgen H. Jungbluth and Dietrich von Knorre: Common names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN  1864-5127 PDF
  • Wilhelm Wenz: Gastropoda. Part I: General Part and Prosobranchia. In: Handbuch der Paläozoologie Volume 6, 948 S., Berlin, Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1938 (S. 144)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kerney, Landschnecken, p. 83.
  2. ↑ Klaus Bogon: Landschnecken biology, ecology, biotope protection. Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 96)
  3. ↑ André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac: Tableaux systématiques des animaux mollusques classés en familles naturelles, dans lesquels on a établi la concordance de tous les systèmes; suivis d'un prodrome général pour tous les mollusques terrestres ou fluviatiles, vivants ou fossiles. I-XLVII, 1-27, 1-110, Paris & London, Bertrand & Sowerby, 1821-22 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 24).
  4. ↑ Carl Agardh Westerlund: Methodus dispositionis conchyliorum extramarinorum in Regione palaearctica viventium, familias, genera, subgenera, et stirpes sistens. Rad Yugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Matematičko-Prirodoslovni Razred 151 (32): 82-139. Zagreb 1902 (p. 113).
  5. ^ Henry Augustus Pilsbry: On the zoological position of Partula and Achatinella. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 52: 561-567, Philadelphia 1900 [1] (p. 564)
  6. ^ Wilhelm Kobelt: Illustrirtes Conchylienbuch. 391 p., Verlag von Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg, 1878 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 276)
  7. ↑ Bouchet & Rocroi, Working classification, pp. 53, 265.
  8. ^ María J. Madeira, María A. Elejalde, Luis J. Chueca & Benjamín J. Gómez-Moliner: Phylogenetic Position of the Genus Cryptazeca and the Family Azecidae within the System of the Stylommatophora. Malacologia, 52 (1): 163-168, 2010 DOI
  9. ↑ a b Schileyko, Treatise, 1, p. 106.
  10. ↑ Ya. I. Starobogatov: Eurasiatic species of the genus Cochlicopa (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Cochlicopidae). Ruthenica, 5: 105-129, 1996
  11. ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (pp. 51–55)

annotation

  1. ↑ The family is also misunderstood by some German-speaking authors as agate snails. This name is ambiguous, as it is mainly used for the family Achatinidae , also from the subordination of land snails (Stylommatophora).

Web links

Commons : Smooth snails (Cochlicopidae)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files