Amastridae

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Amastridae
Carelia turricula, Hawaii

Carelia turricula , Hawaii

Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Cochlicopoidea
Family : Amastridae
Scientific name
Amastridae
Pilsbry , 1910

The Amastridae are a family of land-living snails from the suborder of the land snails (Stylommatophora). The more than 300 species of the family are or were exclusively native to the Hawaiian Islands. It is possible that over 90% of the species have already become extinct or extinct.

features

The housings are highly conical, ovoid, sub-cylindrical, low-conical to almost flat. These are small to medium-sized housings (approx. 50 mm) with up to eight turns. The mouth always has a spindle lamella, but the parietal and palate parts of the mouth have no teeth or lamellae. The jaws are always well developed, relatively thick and smooth, slightly striped or ribbed. In the hermaphroditic genital apparatus the penis is of medium length; an epiphallus is always present. The inner wall of the penis shows different reliefs, but never a system of pillars. Usually a penis attachment is developed. The penis retractor attaches to the base of the penile attachment. The prostate consists of many acini , which are more or less elongated. The spermatic duct always penetrates the penis at the upper end, at the epiphallus. He is always "free"; H. does not touch the penis. The albumin gland is well developed. The stem of the sperm library is relatively short.

Geographical distribution and way of life

The family is geographically limited to the Hawaiian island chain. The animals have an oviparous or ovoviviparous way of life. They live or lived mainly on the ground in dry as well as moist habitats. It is possible, however, that over 90% of the over 300 described species have already been extinct or extinct. The first species losses occurred shortly after the arrival of the first Polynesian settlers through habitat loss. After the arrival of the Europeans, however, the rate of extinction accelerated enormously. Many species losses have now been caused by introduced species, such as rats and introduced or deliberately released carnivorous snails, namely the rosy wolf snail ( Euglandina rosea ).

Systematics

The Amastridae family is divided into two subfamilies by Schileyko (1998) and Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

There is no agreement as to which superfamily the Amastridae belongs to; Schileyko places them in the superfamily Achatinelloidea, Bouchet and Rocroi count them in the superfamily Cochlicopoidea. Wenz still places them in the superfamily Pupilloidea.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Charles Lydeard, Robert H. Cowie, Winston F. Ponder, Arthur E. Bogan, Philippe Bouchet, Stephanie A. Clark, Kevin S. Cummings, Terrence J. Frest, Olivier Gargominy, Dai G. Herbert, Robert Hershler, Kathryn E. Perez, Barry Roth, Mary Seddon, Ellen E. Strong, and Fred G. Thompson: The Global Decline of Nonmarine Mollusks. BioScience, 54 (4): 321-330, April 2004 PDF ( Memento from June 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  2. Alan Solem: How many Hawaiian Land Snail species are left? and What We Can Do for Them. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 30: 27-40, Honolulu 1990 PDF

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997
  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (1): 1-127, Moscow 1998 ISSN  0136-0027
  • Wilhelm Wenz: Gastropoda. Part I: General Part and Prosobranchia. In: Handbuch der Paläozoologie Volume 6, 948 p., Berlin, Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1938 (p. 139)

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