Common smooth snail
| Common smooth snail | ||||||||||||
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Common smooth snail ( Cochlicopa lubrica ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cochlicopa lubrica | ||||||||||||
| ( OV Müller , 1774) |
The common smooth snail ( Cochlicopa lubrica ), also known as the common agate snail , is a terrestrial snail species from the family of the smooth snail (Cochlicopidae).
features
The relatively small case is right-handed and only 5 to 7.5 mm high and 2.4 to 2.9 mm thick (wide). It is elongated-conical with 5½ initially rapidly, later more slowly increasing, slightly arched turns. The apex is blunt to spherical. There is no navel. The surface is dark horn-colored to reddish brown and shiny. It shows only very faint and fine strips of growth. The approximately egg-shaped mouth is up to 2 mm high, not widened and pointed at the top. It has a distinct, light lip on the inside, which is often slightly yellow or reddish shining through the skin on the outside, the outer lip is only slightly thickened.
In the reproductive system, the spermatic duct branches off from the egg duct (sperm duct) at an early stage. The vas deferens apically into the sub-cylindrical to slightly club-shaped epiphallus. The penis is rather short and cylindrical. The inner surface is provided with indistinct longitudinal folds. A blind sac with a long, thin, club-shaped flagellum is formed on the penis. The penile retractor attaches to the epiphallus before the penis / epiphallus transition. Due to the early branching of the vas deferens, the free fallopian tube (oviduct) is comparatively long. The seminal vesicle is quite small and the stalk is short. A short, thin diverticulum branches off about halfway along the total length of the spermathec .
Similar species
The species is very similar to the small smooth snail ( Cochlicopa lubricella ) and the shiny smooth snail ( Cochlicopa nitens ). All three types occur in Central Europe. The first species is much smaller on average and also seems to prefer slightly drier locations. The second type is significantly larger with strongly arched passages and a dark brown housing.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The species is distributed throughout Europe, Asia Minor, North Asia (Altai) and North America to Mexico. It is also found in Iceland, the Azores and Madeira. It has also been anthropogenic to New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and certainly to other regions of the world.
It usually lives in humid locations such as swamps, meadows and forests, from the plains to the mountains. In Switzerland the species rises up to 2600 m above sea level, in Bulgaria it was found at 1300 m above sea level. It is often found in the grass and moss of meadows, by streams, under stones, damp foliage and dead wood in forests. It also occurs in cultural areas such as natural gardens and parks. In the habitats where the species is found it can be very numerous. It also does not tolerate calcareous soils.
Way of life
The common right snail feeds mainly on dead plant parts, lower fungi and detritus, but fresh plant material is also occasionally eaten, as E. Frömming found out when examining faeces and during feeding experiments. The animals ate the common shepherd's purse ( Capsella bursa-pastoris ), the small-flowered buttonwort ( Galinsoga parviflora ), white clover ( Trifolium repens ) and nettles ( Urtica spp.), And the petals of various meadow herbs were also eaten.
In January, the animals laid eggs from which the young snails hatched after just under three weeks. According to Armbruster's molecular genetic studies, the animals reproduce primarily through self-fertilization. They reach adult size and sexual maturity at 21 to 24 months. They are likely to reproduce throughout the year and live for several years.
Taxonomy
The taxon was introduced in 1774 by Otto Friedrich Müller as Helix lubrica . It is the type species of the genus Cochlicopa Férussac, which was later identified in 1821 (1902) by Carl Agardh Westerlund . Cochlicopa repentina Hudec, 1960 is very likely a younger synonym for Cochlicopa lubrica .
Danger
The common smooth snail ( Cochlicopa lubrica ) is not endangered in Germany.
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 112)
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 52)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hamilton Ernest Quick: Cochlicopa in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Malacological Society, 30: 204-213, London 1954.
- ↑ a b Georg FJ Armbruster: Selection and habitat-specific allozyme variation in the self-fertilizing land snail Cochlicopa lubrica (OF Müller) . Journal of Natural History, 35 (2): 185-199, 2001 doi : 10.1080 / 00222930150215323
- ↑ Stefan Meng: New data on the distribution of the Vertiginidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in Central Asia. Mollusca, 26 (2): pp. 207-219, Dresden 2008 PDF
- ↑ Edna Naranjo-García and Neil E. Fahy: The Lesser Families of Mexican Terrestrial Molluscs. American Malacological Bulletin, 28 (1-2): 59-80, 2010 doi : 10.4003 / 006.028.0222
- ↑ Base de dados de dos Biodiversidade dos Açores
- ^ LM Cook, RAD Cameron and LA Lace: Land Snails of Eastern Madeira: Speciation, Persistence and Colonization. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 239 (1294): 35-79, 1990
- ↑ PDF at www.doc.org.nz ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Michael Shea: Exotic snails and slugs found in Australia . In: Malacological Society of Australia (ed.): Newsletter . tape 130 , October 2006 ( PDF, 467 kB [accessed on September 11, 2012]). PDF, 467 kB ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ AC Van Bruggen: Cochlicopa lubrica and other alien testaceous land snails in South Africa. The Journal of Conchology 30: 225-228, 1980.
- ^ Cochlicopa lubrica (Müller, 1774)
- ^ Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. 404 p., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954.
- ↑ a b Tomasz Umiński & Urszula Focht: Population dynamics of some land gastropods in a forest habitat in Poland. Malacologia, 18: 181-184, 1979 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Müller, OF 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volume alterum. SI-XXXVI, 1-214, Heineck & Faber, Copenhagen & Leipzig Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 104)
- ↑ Carl Agardh Westerlund: Methodus dispositionis conchyliorum extramarinorum in Regione palaearctica viventium, familias, genera, subgenera, et stirpes sistens. Rad Yugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, Matematičko-Prirodoslovni Razred 151 (32): 82-139. Zagreb 1902 (p. 113).
- ↑ JH Jungbluth, D. von Knorre (with the assistance of U. von Bössneck, K. Groh, E. Hackenberg, H. Kobialka, G. Körnig, H. Menzel-Harloff, H.-J. Niederhöfer, S. Petrick, K Schniebs, V. Wiese, W. Wimmer, ML Zettler): Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. Announcements of the German Malacoological Society, 81: 1-28, Frankfurt / M. 2009 PDF ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (1.3 MB)
