Small smooth snail
| Small smooth snail | ||||||||||||
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Lesser smooth snail ( Cochlicopa lubricella ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cochlicopa lubricella | ||||||||||||
| ( Porro , 1838) |
The small smooth snail ( Cochlicopa lubricella ), also known as the small agate snail , is a terrestrial snail from the family of the smooth snail (Cochlicopidae). Some authors dispute the legitimacy of the taxon .
features
The cylindrical egg-shaped case measures 4.0 to 5.7 mm (4.5 to 6.8 mm) in height and 1.8 to 2.3 mm (2.1 to 2.5 mm) in width. It has 5½ slightly arched whorls, which are set off from one another by a flat seam. The apex is comparatively blunt. The shell is light horn-colored and translucent. The surface is matt glossy. The mouth is elongated-egg-shaped to pear-shaped and pointed at the top. It is up to 2 mm high and has a clear, light lip on the inside, which is often slightly yellowish or reddish shining through the shell on the outside, the outer lip is only slightly thickened.
The soft body is light gray and weakly pigmented. Occasionally darker animals also appear, or the shells can also be albinoid. In the male part of the sexual apparatus, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) branches off early from the egg duct (sperm duct). The spermatic duct is not twisted and merges into the long epiphallus. This is significantly longer than the penis. At the junction between the penis and the epiphallus, the retractor muscle and a long, thin appendix that is slender and club-shaped and thickened at the end are attached. The free fallopian tube is shorter than the long vagina. The sperm library is short and the bladder relatively small. A very short diverticulum starts in the upper half .
Similar species
The housing of Cochicopa lubricella is on average smaller, slimmer and more cylindrical in shape than the housing of Cochlicopa lubrica . The whorls are less curved. The surface is often darker, more matt and less shiny. However, in individual cases it is difficult to differentiate between the two types based on the housing. Only at a few locations have both species been found together; otherwise the distribution areas are mutually exclusive , as C. lubrica prefers humid locations. The shells of Cochlicopa nitens are again significantly larger than C. lubrica and can therefore hardly be confused with C. lubricella .
Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life
The small right snail is generally rare and so far only recorded from a few locations in southern Sweden, Denmark (Zealand), Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and Albania. In the east the distribution area extends to West Asia. Wade et al. (2006) also report the species from the Azores. In Switzerland it rises up to 2800 m, in Bulgaria it has been detected at 1800 m.
The species prefers to live in moderately moist meadows, scree slopes, on exposed rocks and limestone grasslands on chalky subsoil.
Systematics and taxonomy
The taxon was established by Carlo Porro in 1838 as Bulimus lubricus var. Lubricella . In the past, the justification of the taxon was repeatedly questioned, and C. lubricella was rated as an ecological variant of C. lubrica . Already Hamilton Ernest Quick noted that both forms occasionally occur together and are clearly distinguishable. He considered it unlikely that the smaller C. lubricella is merely an adaptation of C. lubrica to drier locations.
Armbruster & Schlegel (1994) and Armbruster (1995) interpret the taxon as bona species . This could not be fully confirmed in the molecular genetic studies by Armbruster & Bernhard (2000). Here the taxon turned out to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic (called C. lubricella type 1 and type 2). Type 1 grouped with C. lubrica and formed the sister taxon of C. nitens . C. lubricella type 2, on the other hand, was the sister taxon of a taxon consisting of C. lubrica / C. lubricella type 2 and C. nitens . This would mean that the C. lubricella case type emerged independently twice. Further results are to be seen here.
Achatina minima Siemaschko, 1847, is a synonym for C. lubricella according to Quick .
Danger
The species is endangered in Bavaria. C. lubricella is a type of warning level on the red list of endangered animals in Germany .
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (p. 98/9)
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 140)
- Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 2 Subclasa Pulmonata I Ordo Basommatophora II Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafamiliile: Succinacea, Cochlicopacea, Pupillacea. 443 pp., Bucharest 1987 (pp. 207/8).
- Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983 ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 84)
- Tomasz Umiński, Urszula Focht: Population dynamics of some land gastropods in a forest habitat in Poland. Malacologia 18: 181-184 1979 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org .
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 112)
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 54)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Animal Base - Cochlicopa lubricella
- ↑ a b Kerney et al. (1983: p. 84)
- ↑ a b Bogon (1990: p. 98/9)
- ↑ Dhora, D. 2009: Mollusks of Albania. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 61 (3): 537-553 doi : 10.2298 / ABS0903547D
- ↑ Christopher M. Wade, Peter B. Mordan and Fred Naggs: Evolutionary relationships among the Pulmonate land snails and slugs (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 87: 593-610, Oxford 2006 doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2006.00596.x
- ^ Porro, Carlo 1838: Malacologia terrestre e fluviale della Provincia Comasca. IX, 11-132, Milan, Guglielmini e Redaelli (p. 53/4) Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library .
- ↑ Hamilton Ernest Quick: Cochlicopa in the British Isles. Proceedings of the Malacological Society, 30: 204-213, London 1954
- ^ Gerhard Falkner, Manfred Colling, Klaus Kittel & Christian Strätz 2003: Red List of Endangered Snails and Mussels (Mollusca) Bavaria PDF
- ↑ Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany (BINOT et al. 1998) - Register PDF ( Memento of the original from March 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
