Glossus

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Glossus
Ox heart (Glossus humanus), front view of the case

Ox heart ( Glossus humanus ), front view of the case

Systematics
Euheterodonta
Superordinate : Imparidentia
Order : Venerida
Superfamily : Glossoidea
Family : Tongue clams (Glossidae)
Genre : Glossus
Scientific name
Glossus
Poli , 1795

Glossus is a clam genus and type genus of the tongue clam family(Glossidae). There is currently (2016) only one more recent species, the ox heart . The great majority of the Glossus species are extinct. The oldest species come from the Aptium (Lower Cretaceous).

features

The large, equally hinged housings reach a size of up to 10 cm. They are unequal, the vertebrae are slightly offset towards the front end. The overall habit is spherical, the cross section heart-shaped. The vertebrae are strongly curled up (orthogyr or prosogyr), and very prominent.

In the heterodontic lock there are two cardinal teeth and a posterior lateral tooth: Occasionally rudimentary anterior lateral teeth are also present. The ligament is located externally behind the vertebrae and sits on nymphs. The lunula is sunk.

The aragonite shell is very thick-walled and stable. The inner edge of the case is smooth. The outer shell layer is homogeneous or consists of cross lamellas, the inner layer is complex-cross lamellar. The two sphincters are approximately the same size. The surface line is entire and not indented. There are no siphons . The foot is hatchet and has a byssus .

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species of the genus Glossus are or were distributed worldwide. The oldest forms come from the Aptium (Lower Cretaceous).

Taxonomy

The genus Glossus was established in 1795 by Giuseppe Saverio Poli . It is the type genus of the tongue clam family (Glossidae). In contrast to the statements of some authors, the genus is not monotypical. However, only a recent species is currently recognized as a valid taxon. Isocardia is a younger synonym of Glossus . The Worldwide Mollusc Species Database lists the following extinct species in addition to the only recent species:

In the Treatise (from 1969) the genus is divided into seven sub-genera:

  • Glossus (Glossus) Poli, 1795 (the nominate subgenus)
  • Glossus (Aralocardia) Vyalov, 1937 (type species: Isocardia eichwaldiana Romanovsky, 1890) (is still regarded as a subgenus of Glossus )
  • Glossus (Cytherocardia) Sacco, 1900 (type species: Isocardia cytheroides Mayer, 1868) (is now included as an independent genus in the Vesicomyidae family )
  • Glossus (Meiocardia) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857 (is now an independent genus in the Glossidae family)
  • Glossus (Miocardiella) Sacco, 1904 (type species: Miocardiella taurinensis Sacco, 1904) (systematic position unclear, has not been described since 1969)
  • Glossus (Miocardiopsis) Glibert, 1936 (type species: Anisocardia eocaenica Bayan, 1873) (is now an independent genus within the Glossidae) and
  • Glossus (Sulcocardia) Rovereto, 1898 (type species: Isocardia justinensis Mayer, 1893) (does not belong to the Glossidae family).

supporting documents

literature

  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 pp., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 132)
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Part N, Bivalvia 2. XXXVIII S., S.N491-951, New York, 1969 (S.N657 / 8).
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 p., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969 (p. 75)
  • Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 p., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3925919104 (p. 119)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Yasuo Kondo, Shin-ichi Sano: Origination of extant heteroconch families: Ecological and environmental patterns in post-Paleozoic bivalve diversification. Palaeontological Research, 13: 39-44, Tokyo 2009 doi : 10.2517 / 1342-8144-13.1.039
  2. ↑ Giuseppe Saverio Poli: Testacea vtrivsqve Siciliae eorvmqve historia et anatome tabvlis aeneis illvstrata. Tomvs secvndvs. Pp. 75-264, I-XLIX (1-49), pl. XIX-XXXIX (= 19-39). Parmae ​​/ Parma, Regio Typographeia, 1795 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 112).
  3. ↑ World wide Mollusc Species Database: Family Glossidae
  4. ↑ a b Jacques Herman, Robert Marquet: Le Miocène du Deurganckdok à Doel. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique / Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Memoirs, 54: 1-55, Brussels 2007 PDF
  5. ↑ Natural History Museum Rotterdam: Glossus lunulatus (Nyst, 1835)
  6. ↑ Roderic Bosboom, Oleg Mandic, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Jean-Noe L. Proust, Cholponek Ormukov, Jovid Aminov: Late Eocene palaeogeography of the proto-Paratethys Sea in Central Asia (NW China, southern Kyrgyzstan and SW Tajikistan). In: Brunet, M.-F., McCann, T. & Sobel, ER (Eds.): Geological Evolution of Central Asian Basins and the Western Tien Shan Range. . Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 427, 2015 PDF (ResearchGate)
  7. ^ A b Ronald Janssen, Elena M. Krylova: Bivalves of the family Vesicomyidae from the Neogene Mediterranean basin (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae). Archives for Molluscology: International Journal of Malacology, 141 (1): 87-113, 2012 abstract
  8. ^ AA Berezovsky: The representatives of the genus Miocardiopsis (Bivalvia) in the Middle Eocene of the Kryvyi Rih basin. Geologo - mineralogičnij visnik, 2007: 12-19, 2007 (In Ukrainian) PDF ( Memento of the original from April 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / knu.edu.ua