Venerida
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| A. Adams & H. Adams , 1854 |
The Venerida are an order of the mussels (Bivalvia) that belong to the superordinate Heterodonta within the subclass Autolamellibranchiata . The first representatives of this group are known from the Ordovician . It should be one of the most extensive orders of the mussels.
Characteristics
With a few exceptions, the casings of the Venerida are mostly single-sided. The shell is aragonitic with predominantly cross-lamellar and prismatic microstructures without layers of mother-of-pearl. The lock is usually well developed, but can also be largely reduced in some groups. The sphincters are mostly isomyaric.
Way of life
According to the great diversity, there are many different ways of life. However, digging in soft sediment is predominant. Other forms lie on the sediment and live in symbiosis with algae. The vast majority of the Venerida live in the sea, but a few groups have also penetrated into fresh water.
Systematics
The order is divided into about 13 to 17 superfamilies:
- Superfamily Arcticoidea Newton, 1891
- Family Arcticidae Newton, 1891
- Genus Arctica Schumacher, 1817
- Type Icelandic mussel ( Arctica islandica Linnaeus, 1767)
- Genus Arctica Schumacher, 1817
- Family Trapezidae Lamy, 1920
- Family Arcticidae Newton, 1891
- Superfamily Astartoidea d'Orbigny, 1844
- Family Astartidae d'Orbigny, 1844
- Genus Astarte J. Sowerby, 1816
- Art Astarte montagui
- Genus Digitaria S. Wood, 1853
- Genus Goodallia Turton, 1822
- Genus Astarte J. Sowerby, 1816
- Family Cardiniidae Zittel, 1881
- Family Astartidae d'Orbigny, 1844
- Superfamily Cardioidea Lamarck, 1809
- Superfamily Carditoidea J. Fleming, 1828
- Superfamily Chamoidea Lamarck, 1809
- Superfamily Corbiculoidea JE Gray, 1847
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Ball mussels (Sphaeriidae Deshayes, 1855 (1820))
- Pea clams ( Pisidium Pfeiffer, 1821)
- Cupcake clams (Corbiculidae Gray, 1847)
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Ball mussels (Sphaeriidae Deshayes, 1855 (1820))
- Superfamily Crassatelloidea Ferussac, 1822
- Superfamily Cyamioidea Sars, 1878
- Dreissenoidea Gray superfamily in Turton, 1840
- Triangular clams family (Dreissenidae JE Gray, 1840)
- Species migrating mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha )
- Triangular clams family (Dreissenidae JE Gray, 1840)
- Superfamily Galeommatoidea Gray, 1840
- Superfamily Glossoidea Gray, 1847
- Ox heart ( Glossus humanus )
- Superfamily Cyrenoidoidea H. and A. Adams, 1857
- Family Cyrenoididae H. and A. Adams, 1857
- Superfamily Ungulinoidea Gray, 1854
- Family Ungulinidae Gray, 1854
- Superfamily Mactroidea Lamarck, 1809
- Family Anatinellidae Gray, 1853
- Family Cardilidae fishermen, 1887
- Family trough clams (Mactridae Lamarck, 1809)
- Family Mesodesmatidae Gray, 1839
- Superfamily Solenoidea Lamarck, 1809
- Family Pharidae H. Adams and A. Adams, 1858
- Species sword- shaped clam ( Ensis ensis )
- Species American sheath clam ( Ensis directus )
- Family Solenidae Lamarck, 1809
- Family Pharidae H. Adams and A. Adams, 1858
- Superfamily Tellinoidea Blainville, 1814
- Family Donacidae
- Donax serra Röding, 1798
- Family Donacidae
- Superfamily Tridacnaoidea Lamarck, 1819
- Giant clams family (Tridacnidae Lamarck, 1819)
- Superfamily Veneroidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Family Glauconomidae Gray, 1853
- Family Petricolidae Deshayes, 1831
- Genus Petricola Lamarck, 1801
- Species American drill mussel ( Petricola pholadiformis )
- Genus Petricola Lamarck, 1801
- Family Turtoniidae Clark, 1855
- Family clams ( Veneridae rafinesque, 1815 )
- Genus Chamelea Morch, 1853
- Species striped clam ( Chamelea gallina Linnaeus, 1758)
- Genus Chamelea Morch, 1853
Current developments: Bieler & Mikkelsen (2006) transferred the following superfamilies to the order Venerida.
- Gastrochaenoidea and the
- Hiatelloidea
In the previous classifications they are still placed in the order Myida .
The superfamily
- Crassatelloidea (including Carditoidea) was placed by Bieler & Mikkelsen (2006) as the only superfamily in the order Carditida Dall, 1889.
literature
- Michael Amler, Rudolf Fischer & Nicole Rogalla: Mussels . Haeckel library, volume 5. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2000 ISBN 3-13-118391-8 .
- Rüdiger Bieler & Paula M. Mikkelsen: Bivalvia - a look at the branches . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235, London 2006.