Branch species

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Branch species
Northern Astarte (Astarte borealis)

Northern Astarte ( Astarte borealis )

Systematics
Class : Mussels (Bivalvia)
Subclass : Autolamellibranchiata
Superordinate : Heterodonta
Order : Carditida
Superfamily : Crassatelloidea
Family : Branch species
Scientific name
Astartidae
d'Orbigny , 1844

The Astarte (Astartidae) are a shell - Family from the order of Carditida . The oldest representatives are already known from the Devonian .

features

The equally-folding, small to medium-sized cases are rounded-triangular in outline to rounded rectangular. The relatively pointed vertebrae, which are rolled up to the front, are usually located in the middle or slightly shifted towards the front end. The ventral margin is well rounded.

The ligament lies externally with a nymph (without a defined internal ligament pit). The heterodontic lock has the lock formula 3a, 3b / 2 and 4; 3a can be reduced and 5b can often be present. The lateral laminae, when present in the left valve, are often doubled.

The ornamentation consists of concentric ribs or strips of growth that can disappear towards the edge. The area around the vertebra is always ribbed. Layers of radial ribs are periodically deposited on the inside of the shell. There are two sphincters, usually about the same size. The surface line is entire.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species and genera of the branch family are distributed worldwide. These are mostly cold water species that range from shallow water to a depth of several thousand meters. They live half or fully buried in mud and fine sand soils just below the sediment surface, as their siphons are quite short.

Most (all?) Species in the family hatch their eggs in the shell space. The offspring leave the mantle cavity as finished young mussels.

Taxonomy

The taxon was established in 1844 by Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny . Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi (2010) and Joseph Carter (et al., 2011) divide the family into seven subfamilies:

supporting documents

literature

  • Michael Amler, Rudolf Fischer & Nicole Rogalla: Mussels . Haeckel library, volume 5. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2000 ISBN 3-13-118391-8 .
  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi Rüdiger Bieler Joseph G. Carter Eugene V. Coan: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184, 2010 doi : 10.4002 / 040.052.0201
  • Rüdiger Bieler & Paula M. Mikkelsen: Bivalvia - a look at the branches . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235, London 2006.
  • Joseph G. Carter, Cristian R. Altaba, Laurie C. Anderson, Rafael Araujo, Alexander S. Biakov, Arthur E. Bogan, David C. Campbell, Matthew Campbell, Chen Jin-hua, John CW Cope, Graciela Delvene, Henk H Dijkstra, Fang Zong-jie, Ronald N. Gardner, Vera A. Gavrilova, Irina A. Goncharova, Peter J. Harries, Joseph H. Hartman, Michael Hautmann, Walter R. Hoeh, Jorgen Hylleberg, Jiang Bao-yu, Paul Johnston, Lisa Kirkendale, Karl Kleemann, Jens Koppka, Jiří Kříž, Deusana Machado, Nikolaus Malchus, Ana Márquez-Aliaga, Jean-Pierre Masse, Christopher A. McRoberts, Peter U. Middelfart, Simon Mitchell, Lidiya A. Nevesskaja, Sacit Özer , John Pojeta, Jr., Inga V. Polubotko, Jose Maria Pons, Sergey Popov, Teresa Sánchez, André F. Sartori, Robert W. Scott, Irina I. Sey, Javier H. Signorelli, Vladimir V. Silantiev, Peter W. Skelton, Thomas Steuber, J. Bruce Waterhouse, G. Lynn Wingard, Thomas Yancey: A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). Kansas University Paleontological Contributions, 4: 1-47, Lawrence, Kansas, USA 2011, ISSN 1946-0279 PDF
  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 2. XXXVIII, pp. 491-951, New York, 1969 (pp. N562).
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 pages, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969
  • Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3925919104

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny: Paléontologie française; description zoologique et géologique de tous les animaux mollusques et rayonnés fossiles de France, Terrains crétacés , 3: 807 p., Paris, Bertrand, (“1843”) 1844-48. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 51)
  2. ↑ MolluscaBase: Astartidae d'Orbigny, 1844
  3. ^ A b Ronald N. Gardner, Hamish J. Campbell: Oxyeurax and Hemipelex, new names for Oxyloma and Hemimenia Gardner & Campbell, 2002, preoccupied (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Astartidae). New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 50: 4, 365-365, 2007 doi : 10.1080 / 00288300709509843
  4. ^ A b Ronald N. Gardner & Hamish J. Campbell: Middle to Late Jurassic bivalves of the genera Neocrassina and Trigonopis from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 45 (3): 323-347, 2002 doi : 10.1080 / 00288306.2002.9514977

Web links

Commons : Astarten  - collection of images, videos and audio files