Pharidae

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Pharidae
Sword-shaped clam (Ensis ensis)

Sword- shaped clam ( Ensis ensis )

Systematics
Subclass : Heterodonta
Euheterodonta
Superordinate : Imparidentia
Order : Adapedonta
Superfamily : Solenoidea
Family : Pharidae
Scientific name
Pharidae
H. Adams & A. Adams , 1858

The Pharidae are a family of clams from the order Adapedonta . The oldest fossil representatives of the family come from the Kimmeridgian ( Upper Jurassic ).

features

The often unevenly hinged, mostly highly compressed housings are small to very large (around 15 mm to 230 mm). They are oblong-egg-shaped, transversely rectangular, elongated to very long. They are straight or often slightly curved. They are usually very unequal, the vertebrae sit well in front of the midline, often even at the front end. The cases gape more or less clearly at the front and rear ends. Front and rear ends are rounded or trimmed. The lock has a vertically protruding and a horizontal rear cardinal tooth in the right flap. In the left valve there are two vertical and two horizontal, elongated cardinal teeth, one above the other. The teeth can also fuse with one another, so that fewer cardinal teeth can also be present. They are often divided at the top. There are two sphincter impressions, of which the anterior impression is triangular or ovoid to very elongated, the rear one is triangular to ovoid. The mantle bay is very shallow to moderately deep. The shell is usually thin-walled. The ornamentation usually consists of fine to coarser strips, beads and pits parallel to the edge.

The mostly short to very short siphons are separate or also grown together, rarely they are also long. The foot is strong, cylindrical and truncated at an angle at the end; it can end in an egg-shaped, highly deformable plate.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The family is spread around the world. The main habitat is from the tidal range to about 150 meters water depth. They prefer to live in muddy-sandy, fine-sand or, more rarely, in muddy soils.

Taxonomy

The taxon was established in 1858 by the brothers Henry and Arthur Adams . A more recent synonym is the family Cultellidae Davies, 1935, which is now only valued as a subfamily of the Pharidae. The subdivision into subfamilies (Cultellinae Davies, 1935, Novaculininae Ghosh, 1920, Pharellinae Stoliczka, 1870, Pharinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 and Siliquinae Bronn, 1862) is still very uncertain. According to MolluscaBase, the Pharidae family contains the following genera (not divided into subfamilies):

literature

  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 261)
  • Markus Huber: Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. 901 p., 1 CD-ROM, Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2010 (p. 694)
  • Rudolf Kilias: Lexicon marine mussels and snails. 2nd edition, 340 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8001-7332-8 (p. 260)
  • Raymond Cecil Moore (Ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part N. Mollusca, 6, Bivalvia 2. XXXVIII, S.N490-N951., New York, 1969 (S.N629).
  • Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3925919104 (p. 114)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Yasuo Kondo and Shin-ichi Sano: Origination of extant heteroconch families: Ecological and environmental patterns in post-Paleozoic bivalve diversification. Palaeontological Research, 13: 39-44, Tokyo 2009 doi : 10.2517 / 1342-8144-13.1.039
  2. ^ Henry Adams, Arthur Adams: The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. In three volumes. Panel tape. SI-CXXXVIII, Pl. I-CXXXVIII (= 1-138), London, Van Voorst, 1858 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (Pl. 105, Fig. 4a, b).
  3. ↑ MolluscaBase: Pharidae H. Adams & A, Adams, 1858
  4. ↑ List of trade names for fishery and aquaculture products, taking into account the current Federal Gazette announcements of: a) 83rd amendment to the announcement on trade names from November 15, 2016 b) 94th definition of provisional trade names from March 1, 2017 PDF  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.fischinfo.de  

annotation

  1. ↑ The naming of the horizontal teeth is not uniform in the literature. In some publications they are referred to as main / cardinal teeth, in other publications as side / lateral teeth.