Golliwog
Golliwog (also: Golliwogg ) is a children's book character by the British illustrator Florence Upton with a black face and black hair. In Upton's book from 1895, The Adventures of two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwogg , Golliwog is richly illustrated with Val Gardena woodturned dolls .
Inspired by the Minstrel Shows in the United States, Upton first published children's books featuring the Golliwog character in 1895. The children's book market in Great Britain was not yet very well developed at that time - however, technical innovations made it increasingly possible to bring color-illustrated books to the market at a comparably low price. Upton published another 13 Golliwog books with similar success due to the success.
Golliwog dolls
Despite the success of the books, the figure of Golliwog was not protected by trademark law. Dolls based on the figure were a great sales success, especially in the second half of the 20th century. Especially for boys, the Golliwog dolls were seen as more appropriate than cuddly toys or dolls that were seen more as girlish.
Criticism of racism
As a black gnome and “negro doll”, the figure of Golliwog soon became a racist stereotype for African American and other black people . In the course of increasing awareness of the racist connotation of minstrel shows and blackface figures, Golliwog dolls also went out of fashion from the 1970s and 1980s.
reception
Claude Debussy named a piano piece from the Children's Corner cycle after the Golliwog doll : Golliwogg's Cake-walk. The couple step dance cakewalk , which is characterized by excessive contortions of the dancers and which was very modern in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century, is taken from the minstrel shows. The success of the Golliwog books contributed significantly to the fact that Beatrix Potter's picture stories also found a publisher. The story of Peter Hase was published by Frederick Warne & Company in 1903 because they did not want to miss this lucrative market.
Before the American rock group Creedence Clearwater Revival got its final name, it was called "The Golliwogs" until 1967.
In the Australian feature film The Little Death from 2014, the convicted sex offender Steve has to introduce himself to all his neighbors and gives them a gift made from self-baked Golliwog cookies, which roughly correspond to the negro kiss fought in this country .
Web links
Single receipts
- ↑ Linda Lear: Beatrix Potter - The extraordinary life of a Victorian genius. Penguin Books, London 2007, ISBN 978-0-141-00310-8 . P. 143.
- ↑ a b c d e f Rodney P. Carlisle: Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society . Volume 1, SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks 2009, p. 280.
- ^ The Golliwog Caricature - Anti-black Imagery - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University. Retrieved August 28, 2020 .
- ↑ See, for example. Www.welt.de .
- ↑ Linda Lear: Beatrix Potter - The extraordinary life of a Victorian genius. Penguin Books, London 2007, ISBN 978-0-141-00310-8 . P. 144
- ↑ Critique of The Little Death | epd film. Retrieved May 29, 2020 .