Gosbank
| Headquarters | |
| founding | October 1921 |
| Dissolution / merger | 1990 |
| country | USSR |
| currency |
ruble |
| ISO 4217 | RUR |
| predecessor |
People's Bank of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) |
| successor | |
| List of central banks | |
The Gosbank ( Russian Госбанк, Государственный банк СССР - State Bank of the USSR ) was the central bank of the Soviet Union and between the 1930s and 1987 de facto its sole bank. It was under the People's Commissariat for Finance ( Narkomfin , later Ministry of Finance) and was a central instrument of economic policy .
tasks
The Gosbank was responsible for the monetary control of whether companies adhered to the plan . It took monetary policy measures, supplied the Soviet economy with money and administered the state's gold reserves . Until 1988 the savings banks of the Union were under her.
Plan control
At the time of Stalinism , all cashless payments had to be processed through the Gosbank. These were then - and only - approved if they matched the payments foreseen in the plan. Since companies were never allowed to pay each other in cash, all payment transaction processing and clearing between production companies was in the hands of the state bank. In theory, this enabled Gosbank to have a complete overview of economic activity, and it assumed a central role as the supervisory authority for companies. Further controls were possible, for example, by inspecting the accounting or party officials in the company.
Monetary policy
The Gosbank's monetary policy was limited by the system: prices and wages were set centrally and fixed for political reasons or were only allowed to change extremely slowly. The amount of money arose directly from the specifications of the Gosplan . Since there was no independent banking sector, interest rate control was out of the question.
history
As a result of the October Revolution , all private banks went out of business. The salaried employees continued to receive wages, but were instructed to refrain from banking activities in the hope of bringing about the fall of the Bolshevik system. By the end of the year, however, the Bolsheviks had managed to nationalize all banks through military control.
President
| Period | president |
|---|---|
| 1921-1924 | Aaron Schejnmann |
| 1924-1926 | Nikolai Tumanov |
| 1926-1929 | Aaron Schejnmann |
| 1929-1930 | Georgy Pyatakov |
| 1930-1934 | Moissei Kalmanowitsch |
| 1934-1936 | Lev Marjassin |
| 1936-1937 | Solomon Kruglikov |
| 1937-1938 | Alexei Gritschmanow |
| 1938-1940 | Nikolai Bulganin |
| 1940 | Nikolai Sokolov |
| 1940-1945 | Nikolai Bulganin |
| 1945-1948 | Yakov Golev |
| 1948-1958 | Vasily Popov |
| 1958 | Nikolai Bulganin |
| 1958-1963 | Alexander Korovushkin |
| 1963-1969 | Alexei Poskonov |
| 1969-1976 | Mefodi Sveshnikov |
| 1976-1986 | Vladimir Alchimov |
| 1986-1987 | Viktor Dementsev |
| 1987-1989 | Nikolai Garetovsky |
| 1989-1991 | Viktor Gerashchenko |
literature
- Wladimir Andreff: Economie de la transition. La transformation des économies planifiées en économies de marché . Éditions Bréal, Charenton 2007, ISBN 978-2-7495-0188-8 .