Gray late summer ground owl

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Gray late summer ground owl
Eugnorisma glareosa.jpg

Gray late summer ground owl ( Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) glareosum )

Systematics
Subfamily : Noctuinae
Tribe : Noctuini
Sub tribus : Noctuina
Genre : Eugnorism
Subgenus : Eugnorism
Type : Gray late summer ground owl
Scientific name
Eugnorisma (Metagnorisma) glareosum
( Esper , 1778)

The autumnal rustic ( Eugnorisma glareosum , Syn. : Eugnorisma glareosa , Paradiarsia glareosa ), also Ashen hawkweed-Erdeule , Atlantic Heath Bodeneule , Atlantic Heath Blüteneule or Heath Bodeneule called, is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of Owl butterflies (Noctuidae).

features

The moths reach a wingspan of 30 to 38 millimeters. The head and chest are colored light gray. The basic color of the forewings varies greatly, from light gray to reddish to black-gray. In Denmark, Northern Germany, the Netherlands and Scotland there is a usually rare, hereditary form with a black-gray, darkened basic color, which can be more common in isolated areas (on one of the Shetland Islands it makes up 97% of the population). The outer and inner transverse lines are whitish-gray, slightly darker edged, the wavy line is whitish-gray, the space between it and the outer transverse line is often darker, especially at the front edge. The basal transverse line consists of two or more black spots. Ring and kidney flaws are slightly light-edged, but otherwise colored like the basic color. The space between the flaws and between the ring flaw and the inner transverse line is filled in black, although the extent and delimitation of these black drawings can vary. The hind wings are whitish, often darkened gray towards the edge, especially in the females. The veins are also often gray.

The caterpillars are yellowish, brownish to reddish brown with three light, darkly framed back lines and dark points. The back lines can also be almost missing. The yellowish to greenish side stripes are clearly limited. The head is light brown with two black vertical stripes.

The stocky doll is red-brown with darker segment incisions. The small, cone-shaped cremaster has two short thorns.

Geographical distribution and habitat

Eugnorisma glareosum is a species with an Atlanto-Mediterranean distribution that occurs from Morocco across the Iberian Peninsula, western and central Europe to the British Isles, southern Norway, southern Sweden, Poland and Estonia. It has expanded its area to the east in the last century.

It inhabits open, sandy habitats such as heaths and sparse pine forests, but also coastal landscapes and rocky habitats.

The species is a sensitive bioindicator for undisturbed xerothermophilic biocenoses .

Way of life

The species forms one generation a year, the adults of which fly from August to September, in the south of the range in October. The moths are attracted by artificial light sources. You visit flowers and come to the bait . The caterpillars appear in October and overwinter at a very early stage. They will be active again from February / March of the next year. They eat bluegrasses ( Poa ), heather ( Calluna ), heather ( Erica ), sorrel ( Rumex ), Galium ( Galium ), hawkweed ( Hieracium ), plantains ( Plantago ), broom ( Sarothamnus scoparius ), buckthorn ( Frangula Alnus ), Common Dog's tongue ( Cynoglossum officinale ) and meadow sage ( Salvia pratensis ) and other herbaceous plants . During the day they rest hidden in the herb layer and feed at night. Sometimes climb up to meters high on the food plants. They pupate in the earth in an earth cocoon. In the literature they are called "murder caterpillars" because they eat other caterpillars.

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Red lists at Science4you
  2. ↑ a b Fibiger (1990: p. 113/4)
  3. ↑ a b Axel Steiner in Ebert (1998: pp. 417-420)
  4. ↑ a b c Forster & Wohlfahrt (1971: p. 43/4)
  5. ^ Lepiforum - Paradiarsia glareosa
  6. ↑ Gerfried Deschka, Josef Wimmer, The Butterfly Fauna of the Cross Wall, Contribution. Naturk. Upper Austria, 2000

literature

  • Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 4/1: Owls. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1954, DNB 450378373 .
  • Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 4: Owls. (Noctuidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 3-440-03752-5 .
  • Michael Fibiger: Noctuidae Europaeae Volume 2. Noctuinae II . Entomological Press, Sorø 1993, ISBN 87-89430-02-6
  • Manfred Koch : We determine butterflies. Volume 3: Owls of Germany. Neumann, Radebeul / Berlin 1958, DNB 452481937 .

annotation

  1. ↑ The gender of the genus Eugnorisma is neutral (from the Greek το γνώρισμα, mark, characteristic); the ending must be adapted accordingly

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