Great Ormond Street Hospital
The Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH, formerly known as Hospital for Sick Children ) is a teaching hospital in London , which on pediatric medicine specializes. It is located on the street of the same name in the Bloomsbury district ( London Borough of Camden ). Established in 1852, the hospital is run by the National Health Service (NHS) and has 387 beds. There is a close partnership with the neighboring Institute of Pediatrics at University College London . The GOSH is internationally known for having received the rights to the Peter Pan Works from J. M. Barrie in 1929 .
history
By the mid-19th century, medical care in London was generally poor; existing hospitals such as St Bartholomew's Hospital and Guy's Hospital were barely able to keep pace with the population growth and the resulting rapidly increasing demand. Children under ten years of age suffered from this situation in particular, as they were considered “dispensable” and, according to the opinion of the time, mothers' care was sufficient; child mortality was correspondingly high . Gynecologist Charles West decided to open the UK's first children's hospital to improve the intolerable situation. With the support of various philanthropists and health reformers such as Lord Shaftesbury , Lady Burdett-Coutts and Edwin Chadwick , a foundation was established in 1850.
In February 1852 the Hospital for Sick Children was finally opened, initially with 20 beds. The building at 49 Great Ormond Street had been the home of Richard Meade, Queen Anne's doctor, a century earlier . Queen Victoria could be won as patroness of the hospital . However, the greatest contribution to publicizing the hospital came from Charles Dickens , who wrote a rousing article for the popular magazine Household Words . In the early years, William Jenner was one of the few doctors. Thanks to Dickens' fundraising, the neighboring house was acquired in 1858 and the number of beds increased. An additional building was constructed from 1871 to 1875.
In the decades that followed, the GOSH established a reputation as a leading hospital for the treatment of children. In 1893 a new main building that still exists today was opened. Numerous leading physicians such as William Howship Dickinson , Thomas Barlow and George Frederic Still have worked for the GOSH. William Waldorf Astor funded the construction of an outpatient treatment station (opened in 1908). During the First World War, women were not only employed as nurses as before, but for the first time also as doctors. More buildings were added in the 1930s, and from 1927 to 1982 the GOSH operated the Tadworth Close Sanatorium in the North Downs .
On September 4, 1940, the new Southwood Building suffered major damage in an air raid and was subsequently repaired. The GOSH has been part of the National Health Service since 1948 . Structural extensions followed in 1963, 1965 and 1987. Due to the declining population in central London, the hospital focused less on routine cases and more on special treatments. Well-known chairmen of the board of directors were Audrey Callaghan (wife of Prime Minister James Callaghan ) from 1968 to 1972 and Princess Diana from 1989 to her death in 1997. After James Callaghan's death in 2005, his ashes were found on the Peter Pan statue in front of the Great Ormond Street Hospital scattered in a flower bed.
Peter Pan Copyright
In April 1929, JM Barrie gave the hospital the copyright to all works on Peter Pan , with a stipulation that the proceeds from this source should not be published. The institution now had control over the rights to these works and was entitled to license fees for any performance or publication of the play and works derived from it. There were several films, innumerable theatrical performances and numerous new editions of the novels, which brought the hospital income of unknown amounts.
When copyright expired in 1987, fifty years after Barrie's death, the British government gave the hospital the perpetual right to charge royalties for public displays, commercial publications and other works, unless otherwise agreed. With Directive 93/98 / EEC on the harmonization of the term of protection of copyright , which came into force in 1993 , the copyright was extended to 2007, which corresponded to an EU-wide standardization (up to 70 years after the author's death). The GOSH had legal battles in the US where copyright is based on the date of publication. The novel, published in 1911, is now in the public domain there . The GOSH claims that the 1928 version of the play is still under copyright in the United States. Whether new works that are derived from the original still require approval is controversial from a legal point of view and a matter of interpretation. So far there has been no precedent on this matter.
museum
The Great Ormond Street Hospital Museum and Archives can only be viewed by appointment. They deal with the history of the hospital and the various personalities who have worked here since it was founded in 1852. There are also Peter Pan editions from around the world and in numerous languages. The museum is a member of The London Museums of Health & Medicine .
Web links
- Great Ormond Street Hospital (English)
- Museum and Archives of GOSH (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Complete history of GOSH. Great Ormond Street Hospital, 2007, accessed July 31, 2012 .
- ↑ Peter Pan. Great Ormond Street Hospital, accessed July 31, 2012 .
- ↑ Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. legislation.gov.uk, accessed July 31, 2012 .
- ^ Publishing and stage. Great Ormond Street Hospital, accessed July 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Has the copyright crocodile finally caught Peter Pan? (No longer available online.) Harbottle & Lewis, archived from the original on July 18, 2012 ; accessed on July 31, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 51 ° 31 '21 " N , 0 ° 7' 12.72" W.