Border crossing point Nedlitz
The border crossing point Nedlitz ( GÜST ) in the Potsdam district was in the 1950s in the run-up to the Nedlitz Südbrücke (Bridge of Peace) in the area of the White Lake , far away from the border. It served the handling of cross-border freight traffic on the inland waterways between the Federal Republic and Berlin (West) as well as the inland waterways of the GDR . One of the sheds was a lounge for the customs officers. At first there were no mooring possibilities in the direction of Berlin, only a few driving piles for mooring the ships or these had to anchor. The control group crossed over to the ships by barge (position: 52 ° 26 ′ 19 ″ N, 13 ° 2 ′ 42 ″ E ) .
history
Since 1963/64, employees of the newly created work area Passport Control ( Nedlitz Passport Control Unit ) have been employed for passport processing and visa issuance . A barrack under construction had to be re-profiled because of these new tasks. There was now the Nedlitz passport control unit, a border customs office and a commander of the border troops with subordinate security forces. Because of the increased freight traffic, there was a greater use of force for passport and customs control. The agreements of the occupying powers on a driving license for inland waterway traffic, which originated from the beginning of shipping traffic between the federal territory and Berlin (West), were unilaterally overridden by the GDR on July 1, 1965 and other permits were required, which were granted to the GDR Ministry of Transport apply for goods. A fee of DM 200 was payable for one year. In addition, from June 25, 1965, permits for entry had to be applied for for the skipper, the crew members and accompanying family members, which was decided immediately at GÜST. With the introduction of passport and visa requirements in 1968, the control practice changed. The skippers of the ships floating in from Berlin had to disembark and present the personal documents and ship's documents for clearance at the counter. After returning to the ship, the actual passport and customs control took place on board.
Change of location
Due to the unfavorable location of GÜST, i. H. The long unsecured route of the ships to the border (along the Bridge of Peace, the Sacrow-Paretzer Canal , the barracks of the Soviet Army and residential buildings) resulted in a change of location. The new location was the straits on Potsdamer Bertinistraße . As a temporary measure, a barge was anchored as a lounge on Bertinistraße and customs transported the control forces to the ships by motorboat. The handling facilities were now north of the city of Potsdam , at the narrowest point of the Jungfernsee (location: 52 ° 25 ′ 34 ″ N, 13 ° 4 ′ 18 ″ E ) .
In 1970 the establishment of a new GÜST was created through the conversion / extension of the previously existing building of an office of the waterways main office with an office building, dog pen, berths for the boats of the customs and the like. a. m. Customs needed the dogs to check all incoming and outgoing GDR ships for the purpose of tracking down smuggled goods and hidden people. The state border with Berlin (West) ran approx. 1,200 m from the border crossing point. The south-western strip of the GÜST apron and the entire water area of the Jungfernsee were secured by the boat company of the border troops using control boats and the post towers on the flanks.
terrain
The GÜST site covered an area of around 55 hectares. A pontoon barrier was installed at the narrowest point between the southern and northern banks. The space provided for entry and exit was secured by a rope barrier with a chain net 25 m wide.
In principle, the rope barriers were closed all the time, they were only opened when ships were entering and leaving. The reduction time of the locks was 35 seconds, the restoration of the locks 37 seconds. The operation of these locking devices was carried out on the orders of the officer on duty of the border troops by members of the border troops who were stationed on a post tower directly next to the barrier. There was also a powerful motor for the winch in an enclosure. The border guards had a view of the control territory and the upstream area in the direction of Glienicke Bridge and Berlin (West). From there, a traffic light system was operated for the ships coming from Berlin, which anchored in front of it due to the limited space available within the GÜST or waited with throttled drive for clearance to continue. In a service regulation of the border troops it says z. B., at a water GÜST, the officer on duty had:
- to know the most important stipulations of the inland waterway traffic regulations,
- enforce the mooring order laid down for the watercraft at the control points,
- to approve the exit of watercraft in the direction of the Federal Republic or West Berlin in accordance with the established regulations when the notification of the completion of the inspection is available.
To mark the border area or the control territory of the GÜST, buoys anchored in the ground and connected with a rope and a warning sign with a reference to the GÜST were attached across the Jungfernsee. In the control territory there were several berths for entry and exit as well as separate places for motor tankers (far away from buildings). In order to enable the skippers to go ashore, which was still required, it was necessary to moor the boat in the opposite direction in accordance with the mooring regulations. As part of negotiations between the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, on May 26, 1972, the contract between the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany on questions of transport was concluded, which no longer provided for this handling practice. This also meant that other provisions of the GDR were no longer applicable, so that smooth inland waterway traffic was guaranteed. From then on, all ships were checked directly on board. The border passage of sport boats (motor sailing boats) was only permitted in tow or as deck cargo, since from the security point of view of the GDR, complete surveillance on the waterway was not possible.
In inland waterway transport, push convoys for the transport of construction rubble from Berlin (West) to the Deetz construction waste dump in the then Potsdam district and the transport of gravel in the opposite direction were the largest dimensions. In the west-west traffic, mainly coal, minerals and building materials were transported.
Changes and end
On November 20, 1981, the Teltow Canal and the border crossing points Kleinmachnow and Dreilinden were opened from the west as part of an agreement between the GDR and the West Berlin Senate and the Federal Government . This enabled continuous cross-border traffic in both directions. The West Berlin Senate has a sum of 70 million for this construction project . DM transferred to the GDR. All ships that crossed the Teltow Canal were checked at GÜST Nedlitz.
In accordance with the agreement between the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany on the lifting of checks on persons, all controls at the inner-German borders were lifted with effect from July 1, 1990.
literature
- Hans-Dieter Behrendt: In the shadow of the "agent bridge" , Schkeuditz 2003, ISBN 3-89819-140-0
Web links
- Border crossing point Nedlitz ( Memento from April 16, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
Map with all coordinates: