Large security and order service
In the German and Austrian police, the use of closed units was or is called the Great Security and Order Service ( GSOD ) . The GSOD strives for a more or less long, but sensible, coherent series of well-ordered acts of law enforcement and order enforcement. The operational units are considered to be the forces in whose hands mainly the handling of the GSOD lies .
In contrast to the GSOD, there is also the so-called Small Security and Order Service (KSOD), under which, however, the normal, regulated patrol duty with the employees of the police inspections is to be understood. The term KSOD is not used in internal parlance.
A closed unit is a formation of forces of the security executive, which appear in military order (closed form of exercise or open operational form) and with a common objective (realization of a common security and law enforcement objective), as well as being under a single command.
definition
Scheffler defined the GSOD, KSOD and ASOD in 1964 as follows:
GSOD: Police operation for a predominantly peaceful cause, which goes beyond daily duty and requires the use of combined police forces, often closed units, under unified leadership.
KSOD: The normal daily police service carried out for the maintenance of public safety and order and law enforcement.
ASOD: Use of combined forces or closed units of the police in civil unrest against an organized and armed troublemaker.
Occasions
Events that require police intervention on a large scale are considered to be an incident for the GSOD. Basic types of such events can be created according to their structure and functional character, even if mixed cases can occur.
The following occasions can serve as examples:
- State visits
- Demonstrations
- Large events (meetings and celebrations, sporting events, etc.)
- Labor disputes
- Disaster cases
- Threat to the constitutional order
On all occasions, a distinction is made between peaceful , semi-peaceful and unpeaceful occasions.
Peaceful occasions are those on which violent reactions from the counterpart are not to be expected (for example, large cultural events).
Semi-peaceful occasions are those in which one generally assumes a peaceful classification, but for example external disturbances can be expected that make a change in mood of the counterpart appear possible (for example sporting competitions such as football games or political events).
Unpeaceful occasions are those in which the use of force can be expected with certainty or with a high degree of probability (e.g. unpeaceful demonstrative actions). The use of weapons by the police is likely in such cases.
Events can also be classified according to whether the security authorities have gained prior knowledge of them.
Occasions known from the outset (a priori) allow timely planning and preparation of the assignment. Spontaneous events are those that occur without any warning. This includes, for example, natural disasters, hostage-taking or spontaneous demonstrations. Even if concrete deployment planning is not possible in these cases, an attempt is made to eliminate too great a surprise element by creating catalogs of measures and deployment plans.
aims
The goals of the GSOD are, above all, the maintenance of the existing security and order through protection ( prevention ), the restoration of disturbed security and order through pacification ( repression ) as well as assistance in disaster cases.
See also
literature
- Herbert Scheffler, Schutzpolizeidirektor: Police use. Guidelines for use in the large and extraordinary security and stewardship service , Volume 1, Issue 1, 12th edition Lübeck (Verlag für Polizeiliches Fachschrifttum) 1973.
- Falco Werkentin : The Restoration of the German Police - Internal Armament from 1945 to Emergency Legislation , Frankfurt / Main 1984, ISBN 3-593-33426-7 .