Large-spotted asparagus beetle
| Large-spotted asparagus beetle | ||||||||||||
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Great-spotted asparagus beetle |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata | ||||||||||||
| ( Scopoli , 1763) |
The large spotted asparagus beetle , also fourteen-point asparagus beetle , ( Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata ) is a beetle from the family of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) and the subfamily of Criocerinae . Of the seven European species of the genus Crioceris , four are found in Central Europe and the large-spotted asparagus beetle, together with Crioceris duodecimpunctata and Crioceris quinquepunctata, is one of the three red species with black spots.
The genus name Crióceris is from Altgr. κριός “kriós” for “ram” and κέρας “kéras” for “horn”. The species name quatuordecimpunctata ( Latin ) means "with fourteen points". There are usually seven points on each wing cover. The part of the name “asparagus” refers to the host plant, the part of the name “chicken” alludes to the chirping tones that the Crioceris species can produce by rubbing grooved ridges against each other on the abdomen segment and the underside of the wing cover .
Characteristics of the beetle
The beetle has a length that varies little from five to 5.5 millimeters. The size, number and shape of the black dots on the red body, on the other hand, vary considerably. The head and pronotum are about the same width and significantly narrower than the nearly parallel elytra.
The head is protruding and only narrowed at the sides behind the temples. The mouthparts point downwards at an angle. The mandibles are simply pointed. The matt black eleven-part feelers are cord-shaped, the individual parts set off from one another. They are turned in front of the bulging eyes, but their distance at the base is smaller than the distance between the eyes. The antennae reach half the body length. The head has a black spot on the top, and it is partly black next to the eyes.
The pronotum is rounded everywhere and has no side edge. It usually bears four arched round spots in the front half and a smaller spot in front of the label, which can also be missing (Fig. 1).
The elytra are not quite twice as long as they are together wide. The sides are almost parallel, the two wing covers are rounded together at the back. They are streaked dotted . Each wing cover usually bears seven larger and smaller spots that are distributed over the entire wing cover. They can partly disappear, on the other hand they show a tendency to merge with one another in the transverse direction. The aberration spectrum can be distinguished from the aberration spectrum of the species Crioceris duodecimpunctata by the always black tip of the wing. Often the two points near the sash seam at half height form a wide band that spans the seam. The small triangular label is also black.
The short legs are mostly black, the base of the thighs usually red. The tarsi are all four-part. The penultimate tarsal link is lobed. The imperforate claws are not fused together at the base, but arise separately on the tarsal phalanx.
biology
The beetles can be found on asparagus from May to August , where the larvae also develop (Fig. 2). According to its host plant, the species occurs in warm, sunny and dry places.
The species occurs in places (especially in China) as a pest. In order to avoid the negative side effects of synthetic poisons, attempts are made to combat it with biological poisons ( "Cry3Aa" extracted from Bacillus thuringiensis and spores of the fungus Beauveria bassiana ). A combination of the two substances has proven to be very effective in combating the larvae in tests.
distribution
The species, which is mainly found in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, reaches France to the west, but is absent in Italy and Switzerland. To the east, the distribution area extends to northern China, Korea and Japan. The beetle is not common in Germany, but it is also not endangered (Category 3).
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire, Volume IV, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1912
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 27, 2012
- ↑ Crioceris at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved September 27, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ^ Adolf Horion : Käferkunde for nature lovers . Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1949
- ↑ Michael Schmitt, Dieter Traue: Morphological and Bioacoustic Aspects of Stridulation in Criocerinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) Zool.Anz.225 (1990) 5/6 pp. 225–240 Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena as PDF ( page no longer available , search in Web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Klaus Koch : The beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
- ↑ Yulin Gao, Brenda Oppert, Jeffrey C. Lord, et al .: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin increases the susceptibility of Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata to Beauveria bassiana infection Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 109 (2012) pp. 260-263
- ↑ Polish page on the species of Coleoptera Poloniae
- ↑ Red List Germany
