Basic relation

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Fig. 1. Psychophysical level, which is illustrated by the delimitation of the blue and red zones. The basic relation takes place between the somatic and psychological system (i.e. within the subject = psychophysical basic relation) and between subject and object = categorical basic relation, cf. Fig. 2 and 3

The relationship between subject and object in the cognitive process a posteriori is called the basic relation . A distinction must be made between the psychophysical and the categorical basic relation.

Basic psychophysical relation

Kant already spoke of a physiology of the human mind (KrV A IX). The basic psychophysical relation refers to physical-physiological processes, especially those of sensory physiology , as Kant was familiar with based on the work of John Locke ( sensualism ). Psychophysical correlation is to be regarded as synonymous with the term psychophysical basic relation . The processes are necessary for the connection with the act of perception . They are therefore also decisive for raising awareness . The basic psychophysical relation brings the individual special characters to awareness, cf. Fig. 1.

Basic categorical relation

Fig. 2 Functional circuit as a control circuit on the vegetative level

In addition to biological structures , the basic categorical relation also means cybernetic structures (psychological system). The basic categorical relation connects cognition and being categories . It brings the general character of the object (object) to consciousness, cf. Fig. 2. The development of such concepts is only conceivable through feedback within the psychic system, cf. see → situation circle and Fig. 3.

Working together

Fig. 3 Interaction between understanding and reason as the basic relation of knowledge

Both basic relations are connected in the psychophysical level , see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. They are involved in the act of perception. Nicolai Hartmann says: “ Through the categorical basic relation we understand, but we do not know about existence; through the basic psychophysical relation we know about existence, but do not understand it. “This is reminiscent of the main principle of criticism : thoughts without content are empty, concepts without views are blind (Kant KrV B 75). Through the basic relation, the criticism holds the middle between rationalism and sensualism. Plato's theory of ideas already pointed to a cooperation between understanding and reason, cf. Fig 3.

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e Schischkoff, Georgi (ed.): Philosophical dictionary. Alfred-Kröner, Stuttgart 14 1982, ISBN 3-520-01321-5 ; (ad) zu (Lexikon-Stw. Grundrelation , page 250; (e) zu Lexikon-Stw. Criticism , page 381 - (In contrast to the passage quoted in Kant, the main clause is reproduced as follows: Views without terms are blind, Terms without intuition are empty. )
  2. Hartmann, Nicolai : Basic features of a metaphysics of knowledge . De Gruyter, Berlin 4 1949