Situation circle
The situation circle is a consequently further developed cybernetic model, which is derived from the simpler models of the functional circle and the psychophysical correlation or results from this with a certain internal logic and analogy . It was first described in 1986 by Thure von Uexküll and represents the 3rd level of the emergent systems of the specifically human organism. Thure von Uexküll called it the level of the human. What is new about this model, which can above all be successfully applied in practice to the doctor-patient relationship in psychotherapeutic situations, are the concepts of imputing meaning, trying out meaning (trial action) and, finally, assigning meaning.
The emergent systems
The situation circle as a model builds on that of the functional circle, similar to the model of the functional circle on that of the reflex arc . All of these “circle models” are neuronal excitation circles . While the reflex arc usually represents a neural excitation circuit within the organism (histotropic processes), at the level of the spinal cord - i.e. by linking nerve impulses between individual nerve cells - the functional circuit is an excitation circuit that forms the "living space" (environment) for example with plants. Both excitation circuits can be understood as a vegetative control circuit, see also → Vegetative nervous system . In the psychophysical correlation, there is a central coordination between different physical feedbacks in certain brain centers, which can be described as capable of consciousness and therefore as "animal" (i.e. as "animated"), see also → animal nervous system . The situation circle is about questions of finding meaning, i.e. about very specific logical operations that are tied to specific terms.
The meaning of these similar theories is based on the fact that complex human actions do not have to be reduced in a reductionistically to simple models originating from technology and physics, but are only shown indirectly related to them. So to speak, a spiral-shaped connection arises between concrete details on the biological level with those on the psychological and social level (bio-psycho-social model). The situation circle is therefore important in all activities that involve language. In therapeutic terms, this reinforces and clarifies the role of verbal forms of therapy. The bio-psycho-social disease model was adopted by the WHO . The situation circle is u. a. important for questions of psychoimmunology .
The 3 emergent levels are:
- Control loop , psychophysical correlation = vegetative stage (coordinated processes within an organism through fixed couplings)
- psychophysical correlation , functional circle = animal level (processes involving information from the outside world and with fixed feedback of the inner willingness to react )
- Situation circle = humane level (social or verbal forms of communication, including information from the outside world and changing the inner willingness to react )
- Comment on the animal system : The animal system is related both to the vegatative (somatic) system and to the tasks of perceiving “characteristics” of the outside world and therefore also occurs at both stages of emergence, i.e. H. both on the vegetative level and on the animal level.
Quote
- » The situation circle differs from the functional circle through the obligatory interposition of the imagination , in which programs for giving meaning (“ memorizing ”) and utilizing meaning (“ working ”) can initially be run through on a trial basis as imputing meaning and testing meaning before the ego releases them for the sensorimotor system . «
Trial treatment
The concept of trial treatment goes back to a work by Freud published in 1911 . In it he writes:
- “ The delay in motor drainage (of action) that became necessary (under the pressure of reality) was taken care of by the thought process that developed out of imagining. The mind was endowed with properties which enabled the mental apparatus to endure the increased stimulus tension during the postponement of discharge. It is essentially a trial treatment with shifting small quantities of occupation with little expenditure (removal) of the same. «
If in a certain situation neither instinctive nor learned behaviors are available for a very specific action, then the person decides on an action that is not familiar to him through the detour of reflection.
literature
- Wolfgang U. Eckart : History, theory and ethics of medicine . Springer textbook, 8th revised edition, Springer Germany 2017, Thure von Uexküll and the situation circle p. 317 f. ISBN 978-3-662-54659-8 . E – book: ISBN 978-3-662-54660-4 . doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-662-54660-4
Web links
Situation circle and psychoimmunology
See also
- Basic relation
- For therapeutic theater see there the term "trial treatment"
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thure von Uexküll et al. (Ed.): Psychosomatic Medicine. 3. Edition. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-541-08843-5 , p. 18 ff.
- ^ Thure von Uexküll: Basic questions of psychosomatic medicine. Rowohlt Taschenbuch, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1963, on taxonomy “Trial Treatment”: Chap. II., 11., "The different motive areas and their interference", p. 113 ff. And Chap.V., 8, "The affect content of moods and motifs", pp. 185, 194.
- ^ Walter Rudolf Hess : Functional laws of the vegetative nervous system. In: Clinical weekly. 5th year edition of July 23, 1926, p. 1 ff.
- ^ A b Thure von Uexküll, W. Wesiak: Theory of Science. 5th edition. A bio-psycho-social model. In: Rolf H. Adler, JM Herrmann, K. Köhle, OW Schonecke, Th. V. Uexküll, W. Wesiak (Ed.): Psychosomatic Medicine. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1996, p. 41.
- ↑ Sigmund Freud : Formulations about two principles of psychic happenings . (1911 b) Collected Works Volume 8, p. 239.
- ↑ Peter R. Hofstätter (Ed.): Psychology . The Fischer Lexicon. Fischer-Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1972, ISBN 3-436-01159-2 , to the list “Probehandlungen”, pp. 71, 95, 97.