Zeisigberg estate

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The Zeisigberg estate in March 2020

The Zeisigberg estate at Zeisigberg 6 in Müllrose in the Oder-Spree district is a former lung sanatorium . The listed building ensemble was built at the beginning of the 20th century.

history

Pulmonary hospital

At the beginning of the 20th century, the local health insurance fund bought 33 hectares of land in the municipal forest of Müllrose for the business of merchants, traders and pharmacists in Berlin , which was to be built on with a pulmonary hospital. This was the first time in Germany that a local health insurance fund set up its own sanatorium. After it was completed, the sanatorium had a hundred beds, 58 of which were for men and 42 for women.

The Hanover- based architects' office Brandes & Hakenholz , which Hohenlychen already had experience with sanatorium architecture, was commissioned with the planning . Paul Brandes and Paul Hakenholz designed a system that was shaped by Art Nouveau . Decorative elements worth seeing can be found on the pillars of the roofed connection between the central wing and the north wing: their capitals are crowned with animal motifs. The buildings were also decorated with frescoes made of sandstone , and the Berlin bear with a coat of arms can be seen on a balcony . The lead glazing also contributed to the overall impression.

The institution was inaugurated on October 20, 1907; the first chief physician was Hellmuth Ulrici . He worked in the sanatorium until 1912. When the expensive sanatoriums with their time-consuming treatments were apparently accused of having beautified their statistics, Ulrici spoke in the Berlin clinical weekly : “The sanatoriums have often been reproached for having shown their outstanding success in treating numerous nurses who are not tuberculous [...] they do not choose their own medical material. There is no doubt that such criticism is justified. In 1907–1912, 35 pct. not found to be tuberculous. ”He suggested that a student named Bohmeyer should write a dissertation on this subject, who examined over 100,000 sanatorium residents. The result: “71.4 pCt. Closed tuberculosis can tolerate a very critical examination of how often a tuberculosis disease requiring treatment is present and whether the treatment required the expensive sanatorium equipment. On the other hand, "the institutions are also referred to a large number of sick people whose suffering is far too far advanced for therapeutic treatment." Two years later the tone was sharper and the demand was raised that “those who are not undoubtedly lung tuberculosis” should “be excluded from the treatment process”, while third-stage patients and those with complications were only given to the institutions after a preselection and “always only on a trial basis should be transferred to four weeks. "

During the First World War , sanatorium beds were apparently made available for the wounded; At the same time, however, the operation of the sanatorium seems to have been continued, because in 1916 specialists were still exchanging information on the supply of tuberculosis sufferers in the sanatoriums with food, especially protein. From Müllrose, Dr. Starkloff.

Pet cemetery

Information board about the pet cemetery in 2011

Apparently, many sanatorium patients were doing well enough that they could feel significant boredom. In keeping with the decorations on the building, they set up a pet cemetery on the site of the sanatorium. Animals found dead or deliberately killed were buried there and given small grave monuments. A rabbit was given the name "Xaver Langohr" in a funerary inscription, and a mouse with the verses "The mouse Agatha nibble bacon ate and drank away the best things." When she drank from our drip, it had happened to her head, which suggests that the asylum seekers were not entirely innocent of the animal's death. The custom of these animal burials is said to have arisen around the 1920s and maintained for several decades. The animals were carried to the grave in small coffins by a train of disguised patients. The fact that these events enjoyed a certain popularity was probably due, among other things, to the fact that patients of both sexes who otherwise had little contact with one another were able to participate and were only allowed to leave the premises with an exit certificate issued by the doctor. The managing director of the development company for health and social affairs announced in 2008 that in the course of the renovation measures to save the ensemble, the gravestones of the Tiefriedhof would also be refreshed and this curious, 12 by 9 meter facility made accessible.

After-work and nursing home

After tuberculosis cases had declined and therapies other than sanatorium were discovered, Gut Zeisigberg was converted into a state after-work and nursing home in 1974 . From then on it served as the district nursing home for the Eisenhüttenstadt district . Since the facilities no longer corresponded to the state of the art and there was a considerable backlog of renovations, the buildings were completely renovated after the fall of the GDR by around 1993. In contrast to other sanatoriums in the area of ​​the former GDR, the facility in Müllrose was listed as a historical monument before 1991.

In 1993 the development company for health and social affairs took its seat at Gut Zeisigberg. This company was founded in order to further develop the location. After the land could be acquired from 1997, the company was able to implement an overall concept for the design of the property.

In 2007 the buildings could be viewed on the Open Monument Day .

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e o.V. : Brandenburg / Please come in! / For “Open Monument Day” on September 9th, numerous historic buildings in Brandenburg are also open to visitors. A small selection. Article on the website of the daily newspaper Der Tagesspiegel from August 31, 2007, last accessed on March 26, 2018
  2. ^ Jörg Becken: AOK Berlin . Be.bra Wissenschaft Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-937-23349-9 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  3. ↑ Prussia. Ministry of the Interior. Medical department: The health system of the Prussian state . 1915 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  4. ^ Adolf Bacmeister: Textbook of lung diseases . G. Thieme, 1916 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  5. ↑ Sommer Ingo: The city of 500,000: Nazi urban planning and architecture in Wilhelmshaven . Springer-Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-322-89736-7 ( google.de [accessed on March 25, 2018]).
  6. ↑ F. Vieweg and son: German quarterly for public health care . F. Vieweg and Son, 1908 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  7. ^ Society for Nature and Medicine: The Society for Nature and Medicine in Berlin 1810-1910. Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-26239-9 , p. 94 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  8. ↑ Johannes Bohmeyer, On open tuberculosis in the medical material of the sanatorium and the disappearance of the bacilli during treatment, especially the tuberculin treatment , Diss. Halle an der Saale 1911
  9. ↑ A. Hirschwald .: Berlin clinical weekly . A. Hirschwald., 1920 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  10. ^ Springer-Verlag: Klinische Wochenschrift . Springer-Verlag, 1922 ( limited preview in Google book search)
  11. ^ Georg von Mayr: General statistical archive . Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1914 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  12. ^ JA Barth .: Journal for Tuberculosis . JA Barth., 1916 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  13. ↑ a b c history on www.entwicklungsgesellschaft.de
  14. ↑ Rhymed obituaries at the pet cemetery in Müllrose , in: Neues Deutschland , August 5, 1995, partly online at www.neues-deutschland.de
  15. ↑ Hkraudzunn, Last resting places for loyal comrades , November 3, 2008 at www.moz.de
  16. ^ Michaela Aufleger: Preservation of monuments in the state of Brandenburg 1990-2000 . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001, ISBN 978-3-884-62174-5 ( limited preview in the Google book search)

Coordinates: 52 ° 13 ′ 24.7 ″  N , 14 ° 22 ′ 24.1 ″  E