Higher educational institution (German Reich)

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The Prussian school administration understood higher education institutions to mean :

1) the grammar schools ,
2) the complete real institutions with or, more recently, also without Latin and, which have gradually stepped alongside them as being of equal rank
3) the incomplete institutions belonging to both; essentially the same schools that are called middle schools in Austria and southern Germany because of their intermediate position between elementary schools and universities .

From Prussia the name is h. L. changed into the official language of the German Empire in 1870 . For the term and classification of higher educational establishments, the authorizations granted in various degrees with regard to one-year voluntary service in accordance with Section 90, Title 1 of the Defense Code of September 28, 1875 (new edition of November 22, 1888) are decisive here ( see volunteer ).

According to the Defense Code , there were three types of higher education institutions:

A. those who are allowed to issue valid certificates of academic qualification for one year of voluntary military service on the basis of successful one-year attendance in the second (two-year) class (calculated from above);
B. those where the successful one-year attendance of the first (two-year) class is required to obtain this certificate;
C. those for which it is only granted on the basis of a successful discharge test.

In addition, a number of private schools had the revocable right to certify academic qualifications for the one-year service on the basis of a successful discharge test. Everywhere it was assumed that the discharge or matriculation examination took place under the direction of a state commissioner. Since the certificate for the one-year service should only be issued after six years of attending a higher education institution, ie six years after the start of foreign language lessons (age 9), it followed that the institutions

for A. nine-year-olds,
the seven-year-olds at B.
who have to have a six-year course at C.

Accordingly, the official list of those educational establishments that were entitled to issue certificates of qualification for one-year voluntary military service according to Section 90 of the Defense Code (published annually in the Zentralblatt für das Deutsche Reich (ZBI)), the following individual groups:

A a. High schools;
A b. Secondary schools ;
A c high schools .
B a. Progymnasien (seven year olds);
B b. Realprogymnasien (seven year olds);
B c. Realschulen (seven year olds).
C a. Progymnasien (six year olds);
C b. Realprogymnasien (six year olds);
C c. Realschulen (six year olds).

In addition, from 1900:

C d. public school teacher seminars and
C e. other public educational institutions (agricultural, commercial, industrial schools ) as well as the recognized private educational institutions and then also some German educational institutions abroad (according to the 1904 general directory: Brussels, Constantinople, Antwerp, Bucharest and Milan).

In 1894, when the teacher’s seminars were not yet recognized as authorized within the meaning of Section 90 of the Defense Code, there were 1,019 authorized institutions; 1904 without the (205) seminars 1212, i.e. 193 more. This more was particularly true of Realschulen ( higher civil schools ) with 158 (119.89 percent ) and Oberrealschulen with 36 (116.18 percent). The grammar schools increased by 44 (10.16 percent), the secondary schools by 6 (4.58 percent).

The Reichsschulkommission advised the Reich Chancellor on the issue of the authoritative lists . A significant innovation in the German higher school system means the appearance of the so-called. Reform curricula based on the Altona and the Frankfurt system , of which that Realschule (Oberrealschule) and Realgymnasium, this Gymnasium, Realgymnasium and Oberrealschule brought into closer connection through a common or at least similar substructure of three year classes in which the foreign language lessons with the at all participating institutions (French, individually also English) began (see reform schools ).

This article is based on a text in the public domain from Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 4th edition from 1888 to 1890.

Please only remove this note if you have revised the article to such an extent that the text reflects the current state of knowledge on this topic, this has been proven and it meets today's linguistic requirements.
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