Semi-sedentarism
Lifestyles are referred to as semi- sedentary in which a nomadic component of frequent changes of residence is added to the sedentary lifestyle (see semi-nomadism ) . The noun form semi-sedentary is rarely used.
There are two different meanings that depend on the context in which the word is used:
Semi-sedentary shepherds
Mostly these are groups that live from extensive livestock farming . According to the definition of the cultural geographer Erwin Grötzbach , it is societies in which some people live sedentary as nomadic for a longer period of time. To distinguish it from semi-nomadism (with regard to mobile pet owners ), he suggests the two characteristics “Duration of residence on pasture in tent or hut” and “Distance between permanent residence and seasonal living space”: the shorter this duration and the shorter this distance, the sooner it can one speaks of semi-sedentariness.
The ethnologist Alfred Janata refers to the greater importance of soil construction and the differentiation of societies into sedentary farmers (oa professional groups) and mobile migrant shepherds . In this sense, alpine farming and transhumance should be mentioned as semi-sedentary ways of life. The American geographer Derwent Whittlesey also counts ranching as one of the semi-settled forms of economy in relation to cowboys . Many agropastoralists also live semi-settled. The common feature is that (only) the shepherds spend the summer months with the flocks (and not the whole group) . A light dwelling such as a tent or a hut serves as dwelling there, and the pastures are only at a moderate to short distance from the village. Grötzbach also describes forms in which some people live in light dwellings in fields or in gardens in order to guard the harvested fruits - also directly at a farm - as semi-sedentary.
Other semi-sedentary groups
The term is used less often in connection with shifting field farmers - or with hordes of hunters in areas rich in game or specialized hunters who collect wild fruits in large numbers. The decisive criterion here is the useful life of the settlements of entire local communities that live in one place for a long time (up to a few years) until the exhaustion of resources forces them to move. The demarcation from a semi-nomadic way of life is more difficult here than with pastoral nomadism .
Individual evidence
- ^ Christian Lauk: Socio-ecological characteristics of agricultural systems. A global overview and comparison. In: Social Ecology Working Paper 78. Institute of Social Ecology, University of Klagenfurt, November 2005, ISSN 1726-3816 , p. 7.
- ↑ Marion Linksa, Andrea Handl u. Gabriel Rasuly-Paleczek: Introduction to the ethnology of Central Asia. Lecture script, Institute for Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Vienna, 2003, pp. 36–38 ( pdf version ( memento of the original from October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check Original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. ).
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Otto : Aspects of the analysis of urban processes in ethnographic research - illustrated using the example of the West African city of Kuka in the 19th century. In: Ethnographic-Archaeological Journal . Volume 32, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften 1991, ISSN 0012-7477 , p. 249.
- ↑ Hans-Peter Müller: Discussion of the ATLAS map subsistence. ( Memento of the original from June 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Project ethnomaps.ch ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , University of Zurich, accessed on October 15, 2014.
- ^ Martin Slama: Conflicts, Powers, Identities: Contributions to the social anthropology of Southeast Asia. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2009. pp. 297, 299.
- ^ State Museum for Ethnology Stuttgart: Tribus. Yearbook of the Linden Museum, volumes 29–30, Stuttgart 1980, p. 90.
