Trade agreement between the German Reich and the Soviet Union of October 12, 1925

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The trade agreement between the German Reich and the Soviet Union of October 12, 1925 (Moscow Treaty) was intended to promote trade relations with the aim of a smooth movement of goods and, based on economic aspects, to open up the exchange of goods to a level corresponding to the time before the First World War . From a German point of view, it was also an implementation contract for “ Rapallo ”.

The diverging ideas of the two states about the structure of foreign trade meant that negotiations lasted two years. In the contract, however, in addition to import and export, transit issues were dealt with, business in the insurance and transport sector was addressed and problems of a patent law and credit-related nature were addressed. Article 1 of the commercial contract aimed to fill in articles 4 and 5 of the Rapallo contract with content. The Soviet foreign trade monopoly and the commercial agency of the USSR in Germany were recognized, as was the most-favored nation principle as the basis for the treaty - as far as the German side is concerned, in disregard of Article 281 of the Versailles Peace Treaty .

For all the advantages that the trade treaty brought, some German industrialists would have preferred an abolition of the trade monopoly, and inconsistent treaty interpretations provided reasons for the German-Soviet economic protocol of December 21, 1928. Nonetheless, until 1931, for Soviet standards compared to other trading partners Degree of cooperation of considerable activity. Although the German government had not been able to comply with the wish expressed in the negotiations for a state loan, the risk of granting a loan soon reached an acceptable level with the establishment of a default guarantee for private banks. For the first time they deviated from laisser faire and operated state export subsidies. Already at the first loan approval in 1925 - it was about 20 million Reichsmarks - led the German Bank , a consortium of banks in connection with the Export Association East , in 1926 replaced by the twelve consecutive "credit consortia Russia" operated industrial finance corporation East (IFAGO) which in the peak year 1931 was able to build on a deficiency guarantee of 700 million Reichsmarks.

literature

  • Georg Cleinow : The German-Russian legal and economic agreements together with the consular agreement of October 12, 1925 , Verlag Reimar Hobbing , Berlin 1926.
  • Rafael Glanz (ed.): German-Russian contract of October 12, 1925 , Verlag R. v. Decker, Berlin 1926.
  • Manfred Pohl : Business and Politics. German-Russian / Soviet economic relations. 1850-1988. v. Hase & Koehler Verlag, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7758-1176-1 , p. 68.
  • Werner Beitel & Jürgen Nötzold: German-Soviet economic relations during the Weimar Republic. A balance sheet with regard to current problems. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 1979, ISBN 3-7890-0442-1 , pp. 32–34, 40–41 and 65–71.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerald D. Feldman : The Deutsche Bank from the First World War to the Great Depression. 1914-1933. In: Lothar Gall et al.: The Deutsche Bank 1870–1995. Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-406-38945-7 , p. 250 (online) .