Hand torch
A hand torch, even distress flare called , is a pyrotechnic signal means used Fires of Bengal .
Structure and properties
Hand torches are intended to generate the highest possible luminosity with the help of pyrotechnic material in order to attract attention. Pyrotechnic sets with magnesium are used. These generate extremely high luminous intensities of over 2500 candela . The hand torches consist of a metal tube filled with magnesium , which usually has a heat-resistant plastic handle. The ignition takes place via a percussion or tear igniter. Depending on the model, the burning time varies between one and 15 minutes at temperatures of over 2,000 ° C. Hand torches are mainly available in red and white.
hazards
Hand torches are very dangerous because they burn very hot and cannot be extinguished with water. Extinguishing options are sand, metal fire powder and extinguishing agents based on gel. You should also not look directly into the light of the hand torch, as the brightness could damage the retina.
Burning hand torches should always be held in the direction away from the wind so that the burning cannot cause damage to the body. At sea, they should always be kept afloat so that no damage to objects occurs on board and they can be sunk quickly in the water if necessary.
For more information see article: Bengal Fire
use
Hand torches are mainly used as signaling devices for emergencies. For this purpose, they are mainly carried in shipping as a distress signal .
In rare cases, this type of torch is also used for lighting during diving operations where depths are reached that would destroy ordinary underwater spotlights. This is possible because the base magnesium can break down oxides from the environment (water, nitrogen oxide, carbon oxides) and use them for its own combustion. The resulting magnesium oxide, however, clouds the surrounding water relatively quickly.
The lighting of hand torches at sporting events , especially football, as a Bengali fire , has repeatedly attracted media attention .
Legal situation in Germany
Hand flares are subject to the Explosives Act and are assigned to subclass T1. This means that anyone over the age of 18 can buy and own hand torches.