Hartapu

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Kızıldağ rock relief depicting Hartapu

Hartapu , son of Mursili, was a late Hittite king. His inscriptions in hieroglyphic Luwian script are known from Karadağ , Kızıldağ near Karaman and Burunkaya near Aksaray and Türkmen-Karahöyük . The latter is likely to have been the capital of Hartapu. Hartapu calls himself the great king in the inscriptions and describes himself as the son of Mursili.

The inscription, discovered in 2019 near the settlement hill Türkmen-Karahöyuk, about 50 km southwest of Konya , in a canal can clearly be traced back to the 8th century BC. And was written on behalf of Hartapu, son of Mursili, who had conquered the land of Muska (Phrygia). He also subjugated thirteen kings.

Dating

Up until the publication of the Turkmen-Karahöyük inscription in 2020, the timing of Hartapu was controversial. In addition, an equation of his father with the Hittite King Muršili III. considered. John David Hawkins assumed that Hartapu was a descendant of the Kurunta of Tarḫuntašša and after the abandonment of Ḫattuša claimed the royal title, similar to the ruler Kuzi-Teššub of Karkemiš in the east, whose contemporary he was accordingly. Tuwati von Tabal and his son Wasusarma in the 8th century could be his descendants.

According to Goedegebuure et al., Who were the first to publish the Türkmen-Karahöyük inscription, all Hartapu inscriptions show strong archaic features, but can clearly date to the 8th century BC. Both palaeographically and linguistically. What is striking about the Turkmen Karahöyük inscription is that the great king calls himself Hartapu and Kartapu, an indication of a young change in sound, after which both sounds coincide.

Since the Assyrian sources do not name Hartapu, he probably lived in the early 8th century, i.e. before Tiglatpilesar III. as the first Assyrian ruler named the country Tabal. The conquest of Muska (Phrygia) would also fit well into this period, since Mita of Muska ( Midas of Phrygia) was probably too powerful.

literature

  • James F. Osborne: The city of Hartapu: results of the Türkmen-Karahöyük Intensive Survey Project , Anatolian Studies 70 (2020): 1–17. [doi: 10.1017 / S0066154620000046]
  • Petra Goedegebuure et al .: TÜRKMEN-KARAHÖYÜK 1: a new Hieroglyphic Luwian inscription from Great King Hartapu, son of Mursili, conqueror of Phrygia. Anatolian Studies 70 (2020): 29-43; [doi: 10.117 // S0066154620000022]
  • John David Hawkins : The End of the Bronze Age in Anatolia. New light from recent discoveries. In: Altan Çilingiroǧlu and David Henry French (eds.): Anatolian Iron Ages. Volume 3 (= British Institute of Archeology at Ankara Monograph, Volume 3), Ankara 1994, pp. 91-94.
  • John David Hawkins: Kuzi-Teššup and the "Great Kings" of Karkamiš. In: Anatolian Studies 38, 1988, pp. 99-108.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ James F. Osborne: The city of Hartapu: results of the Türkmen-Karahöyük Intensive Survey Project , Anatolian Studies 70 (2020): 1-17. [doi: 10.1017 / S0066154620000046]
  2. ↑ Petra Goedegebuure et al .: TÜRKMEN-KARAHÖYÜK 1: a new Hieroglyphic Luwian inscription from Great King Hartapu, son of Mursili, conqueror of Phrygia. Anatolian Studies 70 (2020): 29-43; [doi: 10.117 // S0066154620000022]
  3. ↑ John David Hawkins: The heirs of the great empire I. The history of the late Hittite small kingdoms of Anatolia and Syria at a glance (approx. 1180-700 BC). In: The Hittites and their empire. The people of 1000 gods. Exhibition catalog of the Art and Exhibition Hall of the Federal Republic of Germany (2002), p. 57.
  4. ↑ Goedegebuure
  5. ↑ Goedegebuure
personal data
SURNAME Hartapu
BRIEF DESCRIPTION late Hittite king
DATE OF BIRTH between 13th century BC BC and 8th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH between 12th century BC BC and 7th century BC Chr.