Hashim ibn ʿAbd Manāf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hāschim ibn ʿAbd Manāf ( Arabic هاشم بن عبد مناف, DMG Hāšim ibn ʿAbd Manāf ; † around 510 in Gaza ) was the great-grandfather of the Prophet Mohammed and ancestor of the Banū Hāschim , who formed a clan of the Quraish tribe to which the Hashimites can be traced.

Hāschim was originally called ʿAmr and had inherited from his father ʿAbd Manāf ibn Qusaiy the office of entertaining ( rifāda ) and watering ( siqāya ) of the Mecca pilgrims. During a period of hunger in Mecca, he brought back dried bread from his trade trip in Syria, which he chopped up (Arabic: haschama), made into a pulp and distributed to the needy ( Tharid ). His name is the derivation - a participle active - from this verb. The Arab poet ʿAbd Allāh ibn az-Zibaʿrā sang his charity and called him ʿAmr al-ʿulā (the exalted; of high rank).

According to tradition, Hāschim is said to have introduced and organized the winter and summer journeys of the Meccan caravans to the south and north, respectively, as the Koran points out in a Meccan sura:

"That the Quraish bring together (or: hold, or: put under protection), bring together the (caravan) journeys of winter and summer, in thanks they should serve the Lord of this house (ie the Ka'ba)"

- Sura 106 , verse 1-3 : Translation: Rudi Paret

He is said to have concluded trade agreements with Byzantium and Abyssinia .

Hāschim married Salmā bint ʿAmr and had 5 daughters and 4 sons, among them Abd al-Muttalib , grandfather of Muhammad. Hashim probably died in Gaza. His daughters Chālida and Ash-Shifāʾ mourned his death in mourning poems, which - according to a brief note by Muhammad ibn Saʿd - have weaknesses in the metric .

The descendants of Hashim are called Hashimites . Among other things, the royal house of Jordan can be traced back to Hāschim.

literature

  • W. Mongomery Watt: Art. "Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill. Suffer. Vol. 3, p. 260.
  • Ibn Saad: Biographies… , (Ed. Eugen Wednesday). Brill, Leiden 1905. Vol. I. Theil 1 pp. 43-48 and p. IX. (Table of contents) in German summary.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. F. Wüstenfeld: Chronicles of the City of Mecca . Fourth volume. Leipzig 1861. p. 34f.
  2. ^ Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic literature . Volume 2, pages 275-276. Brill, Leiden 1975
  3. ↑ Ibn Saad: The class register . Bd 1, Part 1, p. 43 (Ed. Eugen Wednesday). Brill, Leiden 1905
  4. ↑ See also: Theodor Nöldeke: History of the Qorāns. Second edition, edited by Friedrich Schwally. Part One: On the Origin of the Qorān. Leipzig 1909. p. 91
personal data
SURNAME Hashim ibn ʿAbd Manāf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hashim ibn 'Abd al-Manaf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Muhammad's great-grandfather, ancestor of the Hashimites
DATE OF BIRTH 5th century
DATE OF DEATH at 510
Place of death Gaza