Helminthoglyptidae

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Helminthoglyptidae
Helminthoglypta tudiculata (I. Lea, 1838)

Helminthoglypta tudiculata (I. Lea, 1838)

Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Helicoidea
Family : Helminthoglyptidae
Scientific name
Helminthoglyptidae
Pilsbry , 1939

The Helminthoglyptidae are a family from the suborder of the land snails (Stylommatophora). Their occurrence is limited to southern and southwestern North America. There are over 100 species of the family described. The oldest members of the family come from the Upper Eocene ( Palaeogene ).

features

The cases are spherical to flattened, with an oblique oval to elliptical mouth. Usually a turned-over mouth edge is formed. The shell is relatively thin. The jaw of the radula has few but distinct ribs or is smooth with a median protrusion. A diverticulum may be present or absent. The love arrow apparatus consists of a sack with two glands. The love arrow is round or elliptical in cross section.

Love arrow from Xerarionta kellettii , above: side view, scale = 500 μm; below: cross section through the love arrow, scale = 50 μm.

Occurrence, way of life and distribution

The species of the family live exclusively in Mexico and the US states of California , Arizona , New Mexico , Texas and Colorado . They mostly prefer arid areas from the coastal regions to often at high altitudes.

Systematics

The size of the family is controversial. It was originally much larger and also included the genera of the families Cepolidae, Monadeniidae and Humboldtianidae, as well as some subfamilies that are now assigned to other families. Therefore, the definitions and specified ranges of this family often vary considerably. The subfamilies Micrariontinae Schileyko, 1991 and Sonorellinae Pilsbry, 1939 are placed by Schileyko (2004) in the family Xanthonychidae. In Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), however, they are listed under the family Helminthoglytidae. Schileyko (2004) again places the family "Cepolidae Ihering, 1909" (name invalid) as a subfamily to the Helminthoglyptidae. This is not followed here; also the tribe structure of the subfamily Helminthoglyptinae by Schileyko (2004) is not listed here. The subfamily Eremariontinae Schileyko, 1991 is synonymous with Helminthoglyptinae by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). It includes all genera of the Helminthoglyptinae with the exception of Helminthoglypta .

Phylogeny

According to Koene and Schulenberg (2005), the Helminthoglyptidae family is the sister group of the Humboldtianidae . Helminthoglyptidae and Humboldtianidae together form a Monophylum, which is the sister group of the Monadeniidae .



 Helicidae 


   



 Helminthoglyptidae 


   

 Humboldtianidae 



   

 Monadeniidae 





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literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997
  • Joris M. Koene and Hinrich Schulenburg: Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 5:25, 13 pages, 2005 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-5-25
  • Hartmut Nordsieck: Higher classification of the Helicoidea and the molecular analyzes of their phylogeny . 2006
  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 12 Bradybaenidae, Monadeniidae, Xanthonychidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Elonidae, Humboldtianidae, Sphincterochilidae, Cochlicellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1627-1763, Moscow 2005 ISSN  0136-0027

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ B. Roth: Lysinoe (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) and other land smails from Eocene-Oligocene of Trans-Pecos Texas, and their paleoclimatic significance. Veliger, 27 (2); 200-218, Berkeley 1984 ISSN  0042-3211

Web links

Commons : Helminthoglyptidae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files