Humboldtianidae

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Humboldtianidae
Systematics
Subclass : Orthogastropoda
Superordinate : Heterobranchia
Order : Lung snails (pulmonata)
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Helicoidea
Family : Humboldtianidae
Scientific name
Humboldtianidae
Pilsbry , 1939

The Humboldtianidae are a family from the suborder of land snails (Stylommatophora). Their range is limited to Central America and southern North America. Some representatives of the family show a tendency towards regression of the housing. The oldest members of the family come from the Upper Eocene ( Palaeogene ). In total, the family includes about 50 species.

features

The housings are variable in size, color and color. The largest representatives grow up to over 50 mm, the smallest only about 12 mm. In the subfamily Humboldtianidae they are rather spherical to flattened with an oval mouth. The shell is relatively thin. Often there are spiral strips, the sculpture is relatively small. The representatives of the subfamily Bunnyinae, on the other hand, have the tendency to recede the housing (so-called vitrinization ). The adult animals can no longer completely withdraw into the housing. The mouth is relatively large and oval. It is also very thin and transparent. Originally there are four love arrow sacks, but in some species they can be reduced to one, whereas the rest are only available as a rudiment. In other species, the bags can be of different sizes.

Love arrow by Humboldtiana nuevoleonis Pilsbry, 1927, side view (above), scale = 500 μm (0.5 mm); below: cross section through the love arrow, scale = 50 μm.

Occurrence, way of life and distribution

The species of the family live in Mexico and southern Texas (USA). In Mexico they live mainly in mountain conifer forests and rise up to 4000 m; they even cross the tree line, where they then colonize the mountain meadows. They prefer arid conditions there. In Texas, the species that live there are more likely to be found in humid locations. Little is known about the way of life of the species. Bunnya naranjoae Miller, 1987 from western Mexico is only about one year old and dies after laying eggs.

Systematics

  • Humboldtianidae Pilsbry, 1939
    • Humboldtianinae Pilsbry, 1939
      • Humboldtiana Ihering, 1892 (with six subgenera Humboldtiana (Humboldtiana) Ihering, 1892, Humboldtiana (Gymnopallax) Thompson, 2006, Humboldtiana (Clydonacme) Thompson, 2006, Humboldtiana (Aglotrochus) Thompson, 2000, Humboldtiana and Humboldtiana Humboldtiana (Oreades) Thompson & Brewer, 2000)
      • † Skinnerelix Evanoff & Roth, 1992 (Eocene)
    • Bunnyinae Nordsieck, 1987

Phylogeny

According to Koene and Schulenberg (2005), the Humboldtianidae family is the sister group of the Helminthoglyptidae . Helminthoglyptidae and Humboldtianidae together form a Monophylum, which is the sister group of the Monadeniidae.



 Helicidae 


   



 Helminthoglyptidae 


   

 Humboldtianidae 



   

 Monadeniidae 





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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b E. Evanoff and B. Roth: The fossil snail Helix country leidyi Hall & Meek, 1855, a member of a new genus of humboldtianidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Veliger, 35: 122-132, Berkeley 1992 ZDB ID 954880-4 .
  2. ↑ a b Omar Mejía and Gerardo Zúñiga: Phylogeny of the three brown banded land snail genus Humboldtiana (Pulmonata: Humboldtianidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45: 587-595, San Diego 2007 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2007.07.013
  3. ^ Henry Augustus Pilsbry: Inland Mollusks of Northern Mexico: I. The Genera Humboldtiana, Sonorella, Oreohelix and Ashmunella. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 100: 185-203, Philadelphia 1948

literature

  • Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005 ISSN  0076-2997
  • Joris M. Koene and Hinrich Schulenburg: Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 5:25, 13 pages, 2005 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-5-25
  • Hartmut Nordsieck: Higher classification of the Helicoidea and the molecular analyzes of their phylogeny . 2006 PDF (server currently not accessible)
  • Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 12 Bradybaenidae, Monadeniidae, Xanthonychidae, Epiphragmophoridae, Helminthoglyptidae, Elonidae, Humboldtianidae, Sphincterochilidae, Cochlicellidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (10): 1627-1763, Moscow 2005 ISSN  0136-0027

Web links

Commons : Humboldtianidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files