Helmet sand
| Helmet sand | ||
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| Waters | Meldorfer Bucht | |
| Geographical location | 54 ° 3 '53 " N , 8 ° 57' 39" E | |
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| length | 270 m | |
| width | 250 m | |
| surface | 5 ha | |
| Residents | uninhabited | |
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Helmsand is an uninhabited former Hallig in the Meldorfer Bucht in the Schleswig-Holstein district of Dithmarschen . It is connected to the mainland in the east by a 1500 meter long stone dam and belongs to the municipality of Elpersbüttel .
As part of coastal protection work in the 1930s, Helmsand was first connected to the mainland by a groyne and later a stone dam. Due to the increase in land in connection with the construction of the dam, the character of an island has meanwhile been lost. Remains of a 600 mm narrow-gauge Lorenbahn , which was operated by the Office for Coastal Protection and led from the mainland to what was then the island, can still be seen in 2020.
Helmsand is located in the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park and as a bird sanctuary may only be entered under certain conditions. The dam is accessible all year round; however, the island is closed to visitors from April 1st to July 31st during the seabird breeding season.
history
No settlement can be found in the entire history of Helmsand.
The first mention of Helmsand, at that time Helmsandt, is in a description of Neocorus , who speaks of Helmsand and its sister island Tötel , which were located southeast of Büsum and were then used economically. On maps from the 17th century, however, neither Helmsand nor Kötel are listed, which suggests that the islands are of little economic importance.
The first map on Helmsand is from 1756 by JE Randahl, which shows the streams and sands . On the imprecise map, helmsand is drawn in the middle of the Meldorfer Buch, the legend states that the haymaking was used as the use. The first precise drawing comes from the Danish survey of the country from 1789 to 1796. It shows Helmsand as an island divided into two by a tidal creek between the Miele tidal flux and the Kronsloch . Salt marshes grow in the southeast. The area is about 125 hectares, of which 103 are in the south and 22 in the north,
The state topography of the Duchy of Schleswig, probably from 1855, still speaks of an area of around 76 hectares. Another exact drawing of the island of the land registry office Meldorf from 1873. Here the map shows a terp with Fething in the northern part . The Hallig is still 26.39 hectares in size and crossed by tides.
On the map from 1880, the former island can still be measured with a length of 720 meters and a width of 384 meters. The former area was around 22 hectares. A new survey was carried out by the Prussian domain rent office village of Marne in September 1905. Here the Hallig was attested to an area of 9.6 hectares, while the same office measured only 8 hectares in 1911/1912 and found clear edges in the west and east. Based on these measurements, the office began with the first coastal protection measures .
At the beginning of the 20th century groynes were built, which ended in a groyne dam and finally led between 1928 and 1935 to the construction of a 3.5 kilometer long stone dam that connected the mainland and Hallig. Another terp was built on the dam. The Hallig, which at that time had shrunk to 4 hectares, was secured by extensive measures. In particular, the dam and its effects on the tidal currents ensured that no more land was lost in Helmsand, but was washed up again. The Hallig grew again to 18 hectares by 1960. The embankment of the Dithmarscher Speichererkoog in the 1970s brought the coast two kilometers closer to Helmsand, so that the dam that connects the Hallig with the land is still 1.5 kilometers long today.
literature
- Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 4
- ↑ a b Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 9
- ↑ http://www.inselbahn.de/index.php?nav=1000009&lang=1
- ↑ Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 11
- ↑ Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 3
- ↑ a b c Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 5
- ↑ Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 6
- ↑ Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 7
- ↑ Rudolf Meisterjahn: Dithmarscher Islands and Halligen: Helmsand, Dithmarschen Heft 3 September 2013, p. 10