Hepatitis A vaccine

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Hepatitis A viruses

A hepatitis A vaccine is a vaccine against the hepatitis A virus .

properties

The first form of hepatitis A vaccine was developed by Maurice Hilleman and approved in the US in 1995. The approved hepatitis A vaccines consist of formalin-inactivated hepatitis A viruses.

Hepatitis A vaccines are on the World Health Organization's list of Essential Medicines . They are also part of multiple vaccines in combination with hepatitis B vaccines. Hepatitis A is one of the most common vaccinable infectious diseases for travelers, which is why vaccination with hepatitis A vaccines is recommended when traveling to the Indian subcontinent, Africa, Central and South America, East Asia and Eastern Europe.

immunology

The vaccine is usually given twice to achieve the full vaccine effect. As a result, neutralizing antibodies against components of the hepatitis A virus are formed in over 95% of the adult vaccinees four weeks after the first vaccination and in 100% after the second vaccination, which protect against infection with HAV.

Manufacturing

The HM 175 vaccine strain is grown in cell cultures of human fibroblasts . This is followed by virus isolation, inactivation with formaldehyde and the addition of aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant .

Side effects

Adverse drug reactions with hepatitis A vaccines include injection site pain, headache, fever, and loss of appetite for one to two days.

Trade names

Trade names for hepatitis A vaccines are e.g. B. Havrix and Vaqta . Both vaccines are offered in two formulations each, for minors over 12 months of age and for adults (double dose). A trade name for combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines is Twinrix .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Centers for Disease Control and Prevention : CDC Pink Book: Hepatitis A .
  2. ^ PA Offit: Vaccinated: One Man's Quest to Defeat the World's Deadliest Diseases. Smithsonian, 2007. ISBN 0-06-122796-X . P. 107.
  3. ↑ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines . In: World Health Organization . October 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  4. ↑ Jiri Beran: Bivalent inactivated hepatitis A and recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. In: Expert Review of Vaccines. 6, 2007, p. 891, doi : 10.1586 / 14760584.6.6.891 .
  5. ↑ Noele P. Nelson, Trudy V. Murphy: Hepatitis A. Chapter 3. In: Travelers' Health: 2016 Yellow Book. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2016, accessed September 27, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Hepatitis A Vaccine: What you need to know . In: Vaccine Information Statement . CDC. March 21, 2006. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
  7. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Hepatitis A and the Vaccine (Shot) to Prevent It ( Memento of the original from May 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cdc.gov
  8. ↑ European Public Assessment Report (EPAR): Twinrix Adults. (PDF; 45 KB) European Medicines Agency , April 10, 2008, accessed on November 25, 2016 .