Herbal ecstasy
As Herbal Ecstasy is known psychoactive and stimulant drugs , which are made from herbs and plants. Usually different plants are mixed in the unprocessed or processed state in order to achieve a certain intoxicating effect.
Active ingredients
Herbal Ecstasy is a mixture of different herbal ingredients with a predominantly stimulating effect. Due to the large number of active ingredients, the structural formulas are only partially known. The intoxication and the side effects depend on the ingredients used.
Components / active ingredients of Herbal Ecstasy include:
- Caffeine , guarana or kola nut
- Herba ephedrae , sand mallow or ephedrine
- ginseng
- ginkgo
- Gotu Kola
- Green tea
- Sweet flag
- Kawa-Kawa
- Khat
- nutmeg
- Piperazine derivatives
- various amino acids or taurine
- Hawaiian woodrose seeds
history
After ecstasy was banned, an American manufacturer filled the gap in the market with herbal ecstasy. The addition of herbal clearly indicated a plant origin. The main active ingredient in Herbal Ecstasy is usually caffeine. Until 1996, Herbal Ecstasy contained the active ingredient ephedrine, which was replaced by Kawa-Kawa, a herbal sedative with low antidepressant effects, following reports of ephedrine-related deaths related to the use of Herbal Ecstasy. However, there have been some fatal incidents at Kawa-Kawa, so that since the beginning of the 21st century sand mallow ( Sida cordifolia ) has been increasingly found in herbal ecstasy. Since some Sida plant species are known to cause liver damage, it can be assumed that the composition will change again.
application
Herbal Ecstasy is usually used in tablet form and pharmacologically has little in common with Ecstasy. It is therefore taken orally .
Effects
Herbal Ecstasy is usually a mild stimulant and appetite suppressant. In the party scene, like ecstasy, it serves to suppress natural tiredness and facilitate contact with other people. At higher doses, sleep disorders and anxiety cannot be ruled out. Chronic consumption can lead to insomnia and nervousness , and in rare cases to anxiety.
Legal position
Due to the different ingredients of different Herbal Ecstasys, the classification, as with other legal highs , whether it is a legal or illegal drug, is not generally possible, but depends on the respective ingredients.
literature
- Bernhard van Treeck: Drugs - Everything about drugs and drug effects, prevention and prosecution, counseling and therapy , Verlag Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag GmbH, ISBN 3-89602-420-5
Web links
- www.herbal-ecstasy.de
- Area about herbal ecstasy at land-der-traeume.de
- Herbal Ecstasy: Dangerous Herbs as Disco Drugs , Focus, October 21, 2007
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c K. M. Yates, A. O'Connor, CA Horsley: "Herbal Ecstasy": a case series of adverse reactions. In: The New Zealand medical journal. Volume 113, Number 1114, July 2000, pp. 315-317, ISSN 0028-8446 . PMID 10972312 .
- ↑ a b c d C. Chen, J. Biller, SJ Willing, AM Lopez: Ischemic stroke after using over the counter products containing ephedra. In: Journal of the neurological sciences. Volume 217, Number 1, January 2004, pp. 55-60, ISSN 0022-510X . PMID 14675610 .
- ^ M. Foster Olive, DJ Triggle: Designer Drugs, the Straight Facts Series , Infobase Publishing, 2009. ISBN 9781438102023 . P. 34.
- ^ ER Brown, DR Jarvie, D. Simpson: Use of drugs at 'raves'. In: Scottish medical journal. Volume 40, Number 6, December 1995, pp. 168-171, ISSN 0036-9330 . PMID 8693332 .
- ↑ MD Arbo, ML Bastos, HF Carmo: Piperazine compounds as drugs of abuse. In: Drug and alcohol dependence. Volume 122, Number 3, May 2012, pp. 174-185, ISSN 1879-0046 . doi : 10.1016 / j.drugalcdep.2011.10.007 . PMID 22071119 .
- ↑ Drugcom: Drug Lexicon: Hawaiian Woodrose. Retrieved December 20, 2018 .