Hawaiian woodrose
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Hawaiian woodrose ( Argyreia nervosa ) |
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| ( Burm.f. ) Bojer |
The Hawaiian Baby Woodrose or Woodrose ( Argyreia nervosa too), Hawaiian Baby Woodrose , Monkey rose , elephant or silver winds and silver herb called, is a twining climber from India to the wind plants belongs (Convolvulaceae). Contrary to its name, it is originally native to tropical Asia . They can be found in Hawaii , the Caribbean, India , Bangladesh , Australia , Africa and Sri Lanka .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Argyreia nervosa is a perennial, tropical climbing plant, liana that climbs up to 10 m high. The long-stalked, large, heart-shaped, entire-margined, pale green and soft gray-tomentose hairy on the underside, rounded to pointed or pointed or pointed, partly pointed leaves reach a length and width of up to 30 cm. They are arranged alternately, the veins are pinnate, sometimes alternating, with many distinct lateral nerves protruding from below. Because of the large leaves that are reminiscent of elephant ears, the plant is also called elephant bindweed. The leaves and roots have milky sap ducts. The light greenish stems and tendrils are fine-haired.
Generative characteristics
The large, whitish to purple, dark purple in the corolla tube, short-stalked, hermaphrodite flowers are up to 15 cm long, velvety hairy and light greenish stems in up to 20 cm long, cymous inflorescences. The flowers are underlaid with leaf-like, hairy, later sloping, pointed and light green bracts . The greenish, funnel-shaped and five-fold calyx is fine-haired. The pointed sepals are arranged like roof tiles and up to about 2 cm long. The long, tubular and folded, pinched and overgrown corolla is whitish and fine-haired on the outside. The spread out hem of five round lobes is pinched with a conspicuous five-pointed star pattern in the middle, which is formed from the intermediate folds (interplica). The flowers are about 5–7.5 cm long and up to 5 cm wide. There are five, three short and two long, enclosed stamens with arrow-shaped anthers around the pen with zweilappiger, pappillöser scar form a column and a hairy, vierkammeriger and Upper constant ovary present. The basal ovary is surrounded by a bulging, five-lobed nectar ring.
Dry, smooth, dark brown and rounded up to 1.5-2 cm in size, leathery and finely tipped (armor) berries with a persistent, rosette and spread out, woody, dry, orange-brown calyx are formed. The overall appearance is reminiscent of a carved rose, which is why one of the common names of the plant is "wood rose". Under the leathery, thick pericarp, the berries contain up to four brownish, whitish-downy-haired and up to 8-12 mm large and rounded to angular seeds with a conspicuous hilum . The individual seed chambers are each separated with paper partitions. The outer hairy seed coat (testa) is later often rubbed off, underneath is the brownish tegmen. The seeds contain Ergolin - and indole - alkaloids and are about 0.1 g in weight.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
Taxonomy
It was first described in 1768 by Nicolaas Laurens Burman under the basionym Convolvulus nervosus in Flora Indica. . . nec non Prodromus Florae Capensis 48, t. 20, f. 1. The new combination to Argyreia nervose takes place in 1837 by Wenceslas Bojer in Hortus Mauritianus 224. Other synonyms are Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet , Convolvulus speciosus L. f. , Batatas betacea Lindl. , Convolvulus nervosus Burm.f. , Ipomoea speciosa (Lf) Pers. , Ipomoea valerioi Standl. & LOWilliams , Lettsomia nervosa (Burm.f.) Roxb. , Rivea nervosa (Burm.f.) Hallier f. , Samudra speciosa (Lf) Raf.
history
The wood rose comes from India and has long been used for medicinal purposes there. She must have come to Hawaii early. In contrast to the medicinal use of the roots, there is no traditional use of the psychoactive seeds. Their psychoactive effects were discovered in the West through phytochemical studies. In Hawaii the seeds are used as a cheap intoxicant. Wood rose seeds have become increasingly popular as a legal psychedelic in the USA and Europe in recent years and are mainly sold by Dutch smart shops and on the Internet under various brand names and preparations.
Medical use
The plant has been used in Ayurvedic medicine since ancient times . It is considered a tonic for nerves and brain and is taken as a rejuvenating agent, aphrodisiac and to increase intelligence. In laboratory tests with leaves on mice, an aphrodisiac and ulcer-healing effect could be determined. Hawaiian woodrose is also prescribed for bronchitis , cough, ejaculatory weakness , nervousness, syphilis , diabetes , tuberculosis , arthritis and general weakness. (Warrier et al. 1993 I: 173 B ). In Assam wood rose is used in folk medicine (Jain and Dam 1979: 53).
effect
The seeds of the Hawaiian woodrose (also known as Hawaiian babies among experts ) are known for their psychoactive effects. Among other things, they contain the active ingredient ergin (lysergic acid amide, LSA), which is similar to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Most users describe the effect of 4 to 8 seeds (this corresponds to about 2 g) as very similar to an LSD high, but with a weaker psychedelic effect (Smith 1985). That is, the usual psychedelic patterns and sensations occur. There was talk of colorful visions with a mystical character. The effects occur about 30–120 minutes after ingestion and can last between four and twelve hours. After ingesting the seeds, the consumer can reach a euphoric state, which is then followed by a pleasant tingling sensation throughout the body that lasts for a few hours (Stark 1984: 28 B ). However, side effects such as nausea, frequent vomiting, exhaustion and constipation can also occur. Even on the days after consumption, after-effects in the form of general malaise, nausea and flatulence can still occur. Toxic effects ( ergotism ) can occur in the event of overdosing . Pregnant women and those with liver disease should not consume ergin.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b W. Blaschek, R. Hansel u. a .: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Volume 2: Drugs A – K , 5th edition, Springer, 1998, ISBN 978-3-642-63794-0 , pp. 160 ff.
- ^ Argyreia nervosa (PDF), In: Weeds of Australia - Biosecurity Queensland Edition Fact Sheet. accessed on February 6, 2018.
- ↑ Leveret Pale: Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: All About the Underrated Psychedelic. 2nd edition, BoD 2016, ISBN 978-3-7392-3968-2 .
- Jump up ↑ Sunil K. Jaiswal, Chandana V. Rao, Brijesh Sharma, Pritee Mishra, Sanjib Das: Gastroprotective effect of standardized leaf extract from Argyreia speciosa on experimental gastric ulcers in rats . In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . tape 137 , no. 1 , 2011, p. 341-344 , doi : 10.1016 / j.jep.2011.05.028 .
- ↑ a b Christian Rätsch : Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants. Botany, Ethnopharmacology and Applications. 7th edition, AT Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-85502-570-1 .
literature
- Christian Rätsch : Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants. AT Verlag, Aarau / Switzerland 1998, ISBN 3-85502-570-3 .
- Robert Zander : Zander concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 15th edition, corrected reprint of the 14th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-5072-7 .
- Leveret Pale: Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: All About the Underrated Psychedelic. 2nd edition, BoD 2016, ISBN 978-3-7392-3968-2 .
- Argyreia in the Flora of China, Vol. 16.
- J.-H. Humbert, Th. Deroin: Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Fam. 171: Convolvulaceae , 1936, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2001, ISBN 2-85654-212-3 (Reprint), p. 137 ff, online at biodiversitylibrary.org, accessed on February 7, 2018.
- Argyreia nervosa from Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, accessed February 7, 2018.
Web links
- Argyreia nervosa at Useful Tropical Plants, accessed October 28, 2018.
- Hawaiian woodrose . In: Erowid . (English).
- Article about Argyreia nervosa on joergo.de.
- Hawaiian Woodrose (Argyreia nervosa) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved February 7, 2018.
