Sand mallow
| Sand mallow | ||||||||||||
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Sand mallow ( Sida cordifolia ) |
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| Sida cordifolia | ||||||||||||
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The sand mallow ( Sida cordifolia L.), also called Indian mallow , is a species of the species-rich genus Sida in the mallow family (Malvaceae). It has been cultivated as a medicinal plant in the West Indies for around 2000 years . She also feels at home in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Brazil .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The sand mallow grows as an independently upright subshrub , it is characterized by its enormous growth and reaches stature heights of usually 1, sometimes up to 1.5 meters. It forms a more than 1 meter long, robust taproot with a pronounced lateral root system . The vegetative parts of the plant are densely covered with bristly star hairs, on the bark and the petioles they are about 3 mm long. The alternate leaves are stalked 1 to 2.5 cm long. The simple leaf blade is egg-shaped with a length of 1.5 to 5 cm and a width of 1 to 4 cm with a slightly heart-shaped to rounded blade base and blunt or rounded upper end and notched leaf edge. The stipules are thread-like with a length of about 5 mm.
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Generative characteristics
During the entire vegetation period, flowers can be formed that are terminal or lateral, individually or in bundles. The 5 to 15 mm long peduncle is densely covered with soft, long star hairs. The hermaphrodite, radial symmetry and five-fold flowers have a diameter of about 1.5 cm. The five sepals are fused cup-shaped. The 5 to 6 mm long, triangular calyx teeth are densely covered with soft, long star hairs. The five mostly dark yellow to at least orange-colored, free petals are oblong with a length of 6 to 8 mm. The approximately 6 mm long stamen tube is coarse hairy.
The dark brown, hard split fruit has a diameter of 6 to 8 mm and breaks down into ten partial fruits. The wedge-shaped partial fruits have vertical furrows and on the upper end two 3 to 4 mm long bristles, which protrude above the calyx and are bearded. The long, egg-shaped seeds have a hairy upper end. The partial fruits represent the diaspores .
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.
distribution
The more or less pantropical Sida cordifolia occurs in Sri Lanka , India , Pakistan , Bhutan , Nepal , Indonesia , Thailand , the Philippines , Taiwan , the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Hainan , Sichuan and Yunnan , in Africa and South America . For example, it is an invasive plant in Australia and Pacific Islands .
Sida cordifolia naturally thrives in tropical to subtropical savannas. It easily populates disturbed ( rudderal ) areas such as roadsides, field edges, fallow areas or desertification .
Systematics
The first publication of Sida cordifolia was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 2, S. 684. A homonym is Sida cordifolia L. Species Plantarum , Editio Secunda, 2, 1763, p 961. Other synonyms for Sida cordifolia L. are : Sida althaeifolia Sw. , Sida conferta Link , Sida cordifolia var. Altheifolia (Sw.) Griseb. , Sida cordifolia var. Conferta (Link) Griseb. , Sida decagyna Schumach. & Thonn. ex Schumach. , Sida herbacea Cav. , Sida holosericea Willd. ex explos. , Sida hongkongensis Gand. , Sida maculata Cav. , Sida micans Cav. , Sida pellita Kunth , Sida pungens Kunth , Sida rotundifolia Lam. ex Cav. , Sida velutina Willd. ex explos.
use
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Active ingredients and their medical application
Sida cordifolia provides plenty of active ingredients such as ephedrine , pseudoephedrine , vasicin and phytosterol .
The drug has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, but in excessive doses it can cause hallucinations and miscarriages. In Africa it is used against coughs and lung diseases , malaria and syphilis and as a wound healing agent or aphrodisiac .
swell
- Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 273 (English). , Sida cordifolia - online. (Section description, systematics and dissemination)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c William Thomas Parsons, Eric George Cuthbertson: Noxious weeds of Australia. 2nd edition. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood 1991, ISBN 0-643-06514-8 , p. 511, limited preview in the Google book search
- ^ Sida cordifolia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER).
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ^ Sida cordifolia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Sida cordifolia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Markus S. Mueller, Ernst Mechler: Medicinal Plants in Tropical Countries: Traditional Use - Experience - Facts. Thieme, Stuttgart 2005. ISBN 3-13-138341-0 , pp. 140ff., Limited preview in the Google book search.
Web links
- Sida cordifolia . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.
