Malvoideae

Malvoideae
Wild mallow ( Malva sylvestris ), illustration
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Rosids Eurosiden II Order : Mallow-like (Malvales) Family : Mallow family (Malvaceae) Subfamily : Malvoideae
Scientific name
Malvoideae
Burnett

Malvoideae is a subfamily within the plant family of the Mallow family (Malvaceae). The varieties of some species are used as ornamental plants .

description

Flower diagram of Malva

Vegetative characteristics

They are mostly woody plants. The simple leaves have serrated or smooth edges.

Generative characteristics

Many genera have a secondary chalice. The hermaphroditic, five-fold flowers have a double flower envelope . In the subfamily Malvoideae, the many stamens have grown together to form a tube ( columna ) surrounding the pistil .

Tribus Malveae: fruit of a velvet poplar ( Abutilon theophrasti )

Tribe Malveae: Alcea setosa

Tribus Malveae: common marshmallow ( Althaea officinalis )

Tribus Malveae: Hoheria populnea

Tribus Malveae: The variety 'Pink Beauty' of the cup mallow ( Lavatera trimestris )

Tribus Malveae: Musk Mallow ( Malva moschata )

Tribe Malveae: Modiola caroliniana

Tribe Malveae: Sida fallax

Tribe Malveae: Sphaeralcea ambigua

Tribe Gossypieae: Alyogyne huegelii

Tribe Gossypieae: Gossypium tomentosum

Tribe Gossypieae: Kokia cookei

Tribe Gossypieae: Thespesia populnea

Tribe Hibisceae: Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus )

Tribe Hibisceae: Hibiscadelphus giffardianus

Tribus Hibisceae: flower of a hibiscus variety ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis )

Tribe Hibisceae: Congojute ( Urena lobata )

Systematics

The subfamily of the Malvoideae was set up in 1835 by Gilbert Thomas Burnett in Outlines of Botany , pp. 816, 1094, 1118 under the name "Malvidae".

The subfamily of the Malvoideae includes about 78 genera with about 1670 species. The species-richest genus within this subfamily is with about 550 species hibiscus ( Hibiscus ). The subfamily Malvoideae is divided into four tribes; two other genera are not assigned to any tribe:

• Tribus Malveae J. Presl : It contains about 69 genera:
  • Abutilon Mill . : There are 100 to 160 species; many species arecalled beautiful mallow , well-known species are velvet poplar and room maple
  • Acaulimalva Krapov. : The approximately 19 species thrive in the Andes .
  • Akrosida Fryxell & Fuertes : Of the only two species, one occurs in Brazil and the other only in the Dominican Republic.
  • Hollyhocks ( Alcea L. ): The 50 or so species are distributed from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.
  • Allosidastrum ( top right ) Krapov., Fryxell & DMBates : The four or so species are common in the Neotropic .
  • Allowissadula D.M.Bates : The nine or so species occur from Texas to Mexico .
  • Marshmallow ( Althaea L. ): The twelve or so species are common in Eurasia .
  • Andeimalva J.A.Tate : The four or so species thrive in the Andes .
  • Mock mallow ( Anisodontea C. Presl ): The 19 or so species occur in South Africa.
  • Anoda Cav. : The ten or so species are common in the Neotropic.
  • Asterotrichion Klotzsch : It contains only one species:
    • Asterotrichion discolor (Hook.) Melville : This endemic occurs only in Tasmania .
  • Bakeridesia Hochr. : The approximately 13 species are common in Central America .
  • Bastardia Kunth : The eight or so species are common in the Neotropics.
  • Bastardiastum (Rose) DMBates : The six or so species occur in Mexico.
  • Bastardiopsis (K.Schum.) Hassl. : The six or so species are common in South America .
  • Batesimalva Fryxell : There are about two species in Mexico.
  • Billieturnera Fryxell : it contains only one species:
    • Billieturnera helleri (Rose) Fryxell : It occurs from southeast Texas to northeast Mexico .
  • Briquetia Hochr. : The four or so species are common in the New World.
  • Callirhoe Nutt. : The eight or so species are common in North America .
  • Calyculogygas Krapov. : It contains only one type:
    • Calyculogygas uruguayensis Krapov. : It occurs in Uruguay .
  • Calyptraemalva Krapov. : It contains only one type:
    • Calyptraemalva catharinensis Krapov. : It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina .
  • Corynabutilon (K.Schum.) Kearney : The seven or so species occur in Argentina and Chile .
  • Cristaria Cav. : The approximately 75 species are common in South America.
  • Dendrosida Fryxell : The approximately seven species occur in Mexico, Colombia and Venezuela.
  • Dirhamphis Krapov. : The two species occur in Bolivia and Paraguay .
  • Eremalche Greene : The four or so species occur in the USA.
  • Fryxellia D.M.Bates : It contains only one species:
    • Fryxellia pygmaea (Correll) DMBates : It occurs in southwestern North America.
  • Fuertesimalva Fryxell : The approximately 13 species are distributed from Central to South America and are found in the Galapagos .
  • Gaya Kunth : The 20 or so species are found in the New World and New Zealand .
  • Gynatrix Alef. : The two species occur in southeastern Australia.
  • Herissantia medic. : The six or so species are mainly found in the Neotropic.
  • Hochreutinera Krapov. : The two types are distributed from Mexico to South America.
  • Hoheria A. Cunn. : The three to six species occur in New Zealand (and the Kermadec Islands ).
  • Horsfordia A.Gray : The four or so species occur in southwestern North America.
  • Iliamna Greene : The seven or so species are common in North America.
  • Kearnemalvastrum D M.Bates : The two types are common in Central America.
  • Kitaibela Willd. : It contains about two types:
    • Kitaibela vitifolia Willd. : It only occurs on the Balkan Peninsula .
    • Kitaibela balansae Boiss. : It occurs in the Middle East .
  • Krapovickasia Fryxell : The four or so species are distributed from Central to South America.
  • Bush poplars ( Lavatera L. ): The 5 to 25 species are distributed from Macaronesia and the Mediterranean to Central and South Asia.
  • Lawrencia Hook. : The twelve or so species are common in Australia (including Tasmania ).
  • Lecanophora Speg. : The approximately five species occur in Argentina .
  • Malacothamnus Greene : The approximately 20 species are widespread in North, Central and South America.
  • Funnel mallow ( Malope L. ): There are about four species in the Mediterranean area:
    • Malope anatolica Huber-Morath : It occurs only in Asia Minor .
    • Malope malacoides L .: The approximately six subspecies occur in the Mediterranean area.
    • Malope rhodoleuca Maire : It occurs only in Morocco .
    • Malope trifida Cav. : It occurs only in the Mediterranean area.
  • Mallow ( Malva L. ): It contains about 25 species.
  • Malvastrum A.Gray : It contains about 14 species.
  • Malvella Jaub. & Spach : The four species have a disjoint area, including in the Mediterranean area:
    • Malvella sherardiana (L.) Jaub. & Spach
  • Meximalva Fryxell : There are about two species from the USA to Mexico.
  • Modiola Moench : It contains only one species:
    • Modiola caroliniana (L.) G.Don : It is originally native to the New World and is a neophyte in many countries such as Spain and Portugal.
  • Modiolastrum K.Schum. : The seven or so species are common in South America.
  • Monteiroa Krapov. : The five or so species are common in tropical South America.
  • Napaea L .: It probably only contains one species:
    • Napaea dioica L .: It occurs in the USA.
  • Neobaclea Hochr. : It contains only one type:
    • Neobaclea crispifolia (Cav.) Krapov. : It only occurs in Patagonia .
  • Neobrittonia Hochr. : It contains only one type:
    • Neobrittonia acerifolia (G.Don) Hochr. : It occurs in Mexico.
  • Nototriche Turcz. : The approximately 100 species are common in South America.
  • Palaua Cav. : The approximately 15 species thrive in the Andes .
  • Periptera DC. : The four or so species occur in Mexico.
  • Phymosia Desv. ex Ham. : With about eight species that occur in Central America
  • Plagianthus J.R. Forst . & G.Forst. : With two species in New Zealand (and the chatham islands)
  • Pseudabutilon R.E.Fr. : The 18 or so species are common in the New World.
  • Rhynchosida Fryxell : The roughly two species are common in the New World.
  • Robinsonella Rose & Baker f. : The approximately 14 species are common in Central America.
  • Sida L .: There are around 200 species.
  • Sidalcea A.Gray : The approximately 20 species are common in North America.
  • Sidasodes Fryxell & Fuertes : The roughly two species are common in South America.
  • Sidastrum Baker f. : The seven or so species are common in the Neotropic.
  • Sphaeralcea A. St.-Hil. : The approximately 60 species are common in the New World, for example:
    • Sphaeralcea procera Ced.Porter
  • Tarasa Phil .: The 25 or so species thrive in the Andes .
  • Tetrasida Ulbr. : The four or so species are common in South America.
  • Wissadula medic. : The approximately 25 to 30 species are mainly distributed in the Neotropic.

• Tribus Gossypieae: It contains about eleven genera since 2016:
  • Alyogyne Aleph. : The four or so species occur in Australia.
  • Azanza Aleph. : This genus, reactivated in 2016, contains only two species in the Paleotropic .
  • Cephalohibiscus Ulbr. : It contains only one type:
    • Cephalohibiscus peekelii Ulbr. : It occurs in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands .
  • Cienfuegosia Cav. : The approximately 25 species occur in the New World and Africa.
  • Gossypioides Skovst. ex JBHutch. : Of the only two species, one occurs in East Africa and the other in Madagascar .
  • Cotton ( Gossypium L. ): The species-richest genus of the tribe: divided into four sub-genera with around 50 species. The distribution is pantropical , mostly in arid habitats .
  • Hampea Schltdl. : The 20or sospecies are distributed from Central America to northern South America .
  • Kokia Lewton : There are about four species in Hawaii .
  • Lebronnecia Fosberg : it contains only one species:
    • Lebronnecia kokioides Fosberg & Sachet : This endemic only occurs on the Marquesas Islands.
  • Thepparatia Phuph : it contains only one species:
    • Thepparatia thailandica Phuph : It occurs in Thailand .
  • Tropical hibiscus ( Thespesia Sol. Ex Corrêa ): The only 16 species left since 2016 are widespread in the tropics.

• Tribe Hibisceae: It contains about 27 to 30 genera:
  • Abelmoschus medic. : The approximately 15 species thrive in tropical and subtropical areas in the eastern hemisphere. Some species are called muskrat. This subheading includes B .:
    • Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench )
    • Cassava muskrat ( Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. )
  • Anotea (DC.) Kunth : One or two species are found in Mexico.
  • Cenocentrum Gagnep. : It contains only one type:
    • Cenocentrum tonkinense Gagnepain : It occurs in southern China, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam
  • Decaschistia Wight & Arn. : The two to ten species are common in tropical Asia.
  • Fioria Mattei : With up to four species that occur in Africa and Asia
  • Goethea Nees (incorporatedinto the genus Pavonia by some authors): With about two species in Brazil
  • Helicteropsis Hochr. : There are about two species in Madagascar.
  • Hibiscadelphus Rock : The four or so species are found in Hawaii .
  • Hibiscus ( Hibiscus L. ): Depending on the author, this genus contains 300 to over 500 species. The extent of this genus, which is called polyphyletic in most studies, is controversial.
  • Humbertianthus Hochr. : It contains only one type:
    • Humbertianthus cardiostegius Hochr. : It occurs in Madagascar.
  • Humbertiella Hochr. : The three or so species occur in Madagascar.
  • Kosteletzkya C.Presl : The 30 or so species are common in the New World, Africa and Madagascar. One species also occurs in southern Europe:
    • Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb.
  • Macrostelia Hochr. : About three species occur in Madagascar and one species in Queensland .
  • Malachra L .: The nine or so species are common in the Neotropic .
  • Malvaviscus Fabr .: The five or so species are common in the Neotropics.
  • Megistostegium Hochr. : The roughly three species found in Madagascar.
  • Papuodendron C.T.White : One or two species occur in New Guinea .
  • Pavonia Cav. : The extent of this genus is controversial, it contains about 150 species.
  • Peltaea (C.Presl) Standl. : The four or so species are common in the Neotropics.
  • Perrierophytum Hochr. : The approximately nine species occur in Madagascar.
  • Phragmocarpidium Krapov. : It contains only one type:
    • Phragmocarpidium heringeri Krapov. : It occurs in Brazil.
  • Radyera Bullock : Of the only two species, one occurs in Australia and the other in South Africa .
  • Rojasimalva Fryxell : it contains only one species:
    • Rojasimalva tetrahedralis Fryxell : It occurs only in Venezuela .
  • Senra Cav. : It contains only one type:
    • Senra incana Cav. : It occurs in East Africa , on the Arabian Peninsula and on Socotra .
  • Symphyochlamys Gürke : It contains only one species:
    • Symphyochlamys erlangeri Gürke : It is widespread in tropical Africa.
  • Talipariti Fryxell (alsocountedas part of Hibiscus by some authors): The 17 to 24 species are common in the tropics, mainly in Southeast Asia. Including:
    • Linden-leaved marshmallow ( Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell , Syn .: Hibiscus tiliaceus L. )
  • Urena L .: The six or so species are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, for example:
    • Congojute ( Urena lobata L. )
  • Wercklea Pittier & Standl. : The twelve species are common in the Neotropic.

• Tribe Kydieae: It contains about four genera:
  • Dicellostyles Benth. : It probably contains only one species:
    • Dicellostyles axillaris (Thwaites) Bentham : It occurs only in Sri Lanka .
  • Julostylis Thwaites : The one to three species that occur in India and Sri Lanka.
  • Kydia Roxb. : The only two types are common in India, Bhutan , Myanmar, China, Cambodia and Vietnam.
  • Nayariophyton T.K.Paul : It contains only one species:
    • Nayariophyton zizyphifolium (Griffith) DGLong & AGMiller : It is distributed in India, Bhutan, Thailand and in southern China only in Zhenkang in southwestern Yunnan.

• The two genera are not assigned to any tribe:
  • Howittia F. Mueller : It contains only one species:
    • Howittia trilocularis F.Mueller : It occurs in southeastern Australia.
  • Jumelleanthus Hochr. : It contains only one type:
    • Jumelleanthus perrieri Hochr. : It only occurs in Madagascar .

swell

• Description of the family Malvaceae and even there the subfamily Malvoideae in APWebsite . (Sections systematics and description)
• Stewart Robert Hinsley: Classification: Overview at Malvaceae Info . (Section systematics)
• BE Pfeil, MD Crisp: What to do with Hibiscus? A proposed nomenclatural resolution for a large and well known genus of Malvaceae and comments on paraphyly. , In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 18, Issue 1, 2005, pp. 49-60. doi : 10.1071 / SB04024 online.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Malvoideae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 12, 2014.
2. ↑ Malvoideae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 12, 2014.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah} David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} B. Valdés, 2011: Malvaceae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Retrieved February 12, 2014
5. ↑ ^{a b} Fabiola Areces-Berazain, JD Ackerman: Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genus Thespesia (Malvaceae, Gossypieae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, Issue 2, June 2016, pp. 171-198. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12414
6. ^ BE Pfeil, MD Crisp: What to do with Hibiscus? A proposed nomenclatural resolution for a large and well known genus of Malvaceae and comments on paraphyly. , In: Australian Systematic Botany , Volume 18, Issue 1, 2005, pp. 49-60. doi : 10.1071 / SB04024 online.
7. ↑ David Webb Alladice: Kosteletzkya C. Presl. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 256 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
8. ↑ Paul A. Fryxell & Shariful H. Hashmi: The segregation of Radyera from Hibiscus (Malvaceae). In: Botanical Gazette , Volume 132, Issue 1, 1971, pp. 57-62.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert & Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae , pp. 264–302 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1

Web links

Commons : Malvoideae  - collection of images, videos and audio files