Abutilon
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Abutilon (often used for some types of German-language common name Abutilon) is a genus within the family of mallow (Malvaceae). The 150 to 200 species thrive mainly in the tropics to subtropics almost worldwide. Numerous varieties of some species are used as ornamental plants .
description
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Vegetative characteristics
Abutilon styles are mostly woody plants : Half bushes , shrubs or small trees . Most of the species come from South America and are evergreen; some species are native to the cooler mountain forests of Chile and are deciduous. The vegetative parts of the plant are hairy.
The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is simple, rarely lobed ( Abutilon pictum ) and pinnately veined with a heart-shaped base. The leaf margins are notched to serrated. Stipules fall off early.
Generative characteristics
The mostly stalked flowers are arranged individually or in pairs in the leaf axils or in little-flowered inflorescences . There is no secondary chalice.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five green, often durable sepals are fused together like a bell. The five mostly yellow to orange, more rarely red (often darker in the center) petals are fused at their base and usually form a bell, rarely a tube ( Abutilon pictum ). With them, the drooping flowers have an inflated calyx over a bell made of five overlapping petals. In the subfamily Malvoideae, the many stamens have grown together to form a tube surrounding the pistil , the so-called Columna . There are five to many carpels are a five- to vielfächerigen ovary grown. There are two to nine ovules per carpel . There are five to many stylus branches.
The split fruits, which are often black when ripe, are almost spherical to hemispherical and usually disintegrate into five or many partial fruits, which have a leathery pericarp . The kidney-shaped seeds are hairy or glabrous or slightly downy.
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Systematics and distribution
The generic name Abutilon was in 1754 by Philip Miller in Gardener's Dictionary ... Abr. , 4th edition first published . A synonym for Abutilon Mill. Is Abortopetalum O.Deg. The genus Abutilon belongs to the tribe Malveae in the subfamily Malvoideae within the Malvaceae family .
The genus Abutilon includes 150 to 200 species (selection):
- Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke ex Hochr. (Syn .: Abutilon americanum (L.) Sweet , Abutilon lignosum (Cav.) D.Don ): It occurs in Arizona , Texas , Mexico , the Bahamas , Cuba , Hispaniola , Jamaica and Puerto Rico .
- Abutilon alii Abedin : It was described from Pakistan.
- Abutilon bidentatum A.Rich. : It occurs in Egypt , tropical Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran , India and Pakistan .
- Abutilon buchii Urb. : It only occurs in Hispaniola .
- Abutilon darwinii Hook.f. : It occurs in Brazil .
- Abutilon eremitopetalum Caum : It occurs in Hawaii .
- Abutilon figarianum Webb :
- Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr. : It is found in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, India, Pakistan, the United States and northern Mexico.
- Abutilon gebauerianum Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives in dry, hot river valleys at altitudes of 700 to 2500 meters only in southwestern Yunnan .
- Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet : It occurs in Nicaragua , Costa Rica , Panama , Colombia and Venezuela .
- Abutilon grandiflorum G.Don : It occurs from the southern tropical to southern Africa and Madagascar .
- Large-leaved Mallow ( Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet ): It occurs in Bolivia , Peru , Brazil, Argentina , Paraguay and Uruguay .
- Abutilon guineense (Schumach.) Baker f. & Exell : It occurs in Africa, Indonesia , Malaysia , Australia, New Guinea , Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Hainan , Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet : It iswidespreadfrom tropical to southern Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula, in Western Asia , in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka , Thailand and Yunnan. It isa neophyte in the Neotropics .
- Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet : It is found in Arizona, Hawaii and Mexico.
- Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet : It occurs in the tropical and temperate areas of Asia, Australia, Madagascar, Mauritius and the Seychelles . It is a neophyte in numerous other tropical countries.
- Abutilon insigne planch. : It occurs in Colombia and Venezuela.
- Abutilon julianae Endl.
- Abutilon karachianum S.A. Husain & Baquar : It was described from Pakistan.
- Abutilon leucopetalum (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. : It occurs in Australia.
- Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A. Rich. : It occurs in eastern, north-eastern and southern tropical Africa and in Yemen .
- Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medic. : It occurs in Africa, the Comoros and Oman .
- Abutilon megapotamicum (Spreng.) A.St.-Hil. & Naudin : The homeland is probably Brazil.
- Abutilon menziesii Seem. : It occurs in Hawaii.
- Abutilon mollicomum (Willd.) Sweet : It is found in Arizona, Texas, New Mexico and Mexico.
- Abutilon mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet : It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
- Abutilon muticum (Delile) Webb
- Abutilon pakistanicum Jafri & Ali : It was described from Pakistan.
- Abutilon palmeri A.Gray : It was described from North America.
- Abutilon paniculatum Hand .-- Mazz. : It thrives in bushes on slopes and at roadsides at altitudes of 2300 to 3000 meters in northwestern Yunnan and in southwestern Sichuan only in the autonomous district of Muli .
- Abutilon pannosum (G. Forst.) Schltdl.
- Abutilon parishii S. Watson : It was described from Arizona.
- Abutilon persicum (Burm. F.) Merr. : It was described from Asia.
- Abutilon pictum (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Walp. : It occurs in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
- Abutilon ramiflorum A.St.-Hil. : It occurs in Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay.
- Abutilon ramosum (Cav.) Guill. & Perr. : It was described from Senegal.
- Abutilon reflexum (Juss. Ex Cav.) Sweet : It occurs in Ecuador and Peru.
- Abutilon roseum Hand.-Mazz. : It thrives on grasslands on slopes at altitudes of about 2200 meters in southwest Sichuan and northwest Yunnan.
- Abutilon sandwicense (O.Deg.) Christoph. : It occurs in Hawaii.
- Abutilon sellowianum (Klotzsch) rule : It occurs in Brazil.
- Abutilon sepalum S.A. Husain & Bequar : It was described from Pakistan.
- Abutilon sinense olive. : The two varieties occur in northern Thailand and China.
- Velvet poplar ( Abutilon theophrasti Medik .; Syn .: Abutilon avicennae Gaertner ): It is widespread in Eastern and Southeastern Europe , Algeria , Egypt, Pakistan and in the temperate areas of Asia. It is a neophyte in the rest of Asia, Europe and North America.
No longer belongs to the genus Abutilon since 2012:
- Abutilon striatum dicks. ex Lindl. => Callianthe striata (Dicks. Ex Lindl.) Donnell
swell
- Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Abutilon. In Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 275 (English). , PDF file , online. (Sections Description and Distribution)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Malvaceae. : Abutilon , pp. 275-277 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Abutilon in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ AA Donnell et al .: Callianthe (Malvaceae): A new genus of Neotropical Malveae. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 37, 2012, pp. 712-722.
