Kongojute
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Congojute ( Urena lobata ) |
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The Urena lobata ( Urena lobata ), in Brazil also aguaxima called, is a flowering plant in the family of mallow (Malvaceae). This species is distributed worldwide in the tropics ; it is widely regarded as a " weed ". It is also partly used for the production of bast fibers .
description
Appearance and leaf
The Kongojute grows as a perennial herbaceous plant to subshrub and reaches heights of about 0.5 to 2 meters. The stems are covered with tomentose star hairs ( trichomes ).
The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 1 to 4 inches long. The leaf blades are three to five-lobed with a round to heart-shaped blade base. The leaf blades in the lower area of the stem axis are almost circular with a length of 4 to 5 centimeters and a width of 5 to 6 centimeters with a three-lobed upper end. The leaf blades in the central stem area are egg-shaped and 5 to 7 times 3 to 6.5 centimeters in size. The leaf blades in the upper area of the stem axis are elongated to lanceolate with a length of 4 to 7 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 3 centimeters. The leaves appear more or less gray due to their star-shaped hairs. The leaf margin is sawn . The early falling stipules are thread-like with a length of 2 to 3 millimeters.
Flower and fruit
The flowers stand individually or in groups in the leaf axils. The flower stalks are about 3 millimeters long and woolly hairy. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The 6 mm long and woolly hairy outer sepals are fused in the lower third. The five sepals are fused cup-shaped and shorter than the outer calyx . The five pink to reddish petals are obovate with a length of 1 to 1.5 (rarely up to 2.5) centimeters. In the subfamily Malvoideae, the many stamens have grown together to form a tube surrounding the pistil , the so-called Columna . This stamen column is about 1.5 inches long and bare. Five carpels have grown together to form a five- chamber ovary. A single seed is formed in each chamber. The hairy pen consists of ten branches stylus (twice as many as carpels).
The flattened, spherical fruits have a diameter of about 1 centimeter. The individual wedge-shaped partial fruits have barbs and stick to clothing and hair similar to burdock.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28 or 56.
distribution
The Congojute is native to the tropics worldwide ; their original homeland is unclear, although there is speculation about an Asian ancestry.
The plant spreads quickly, particularly in disturbed locations, for example on areas in Florida that have been affected by grazing . Their reproduction is supported by grazing cattle, which spread the seeds in the fur and create good conditions for reproduction by disturbing the soil.
use
In some countries, such as Brazil and Congo , the Congo jute is specifically planted because of its bast fibers. The fibers, which in Brazil Aramina , Africa jute Congo are called, are made among other sackcloth and ropes. The German name Kongojute is derived from this use in Africa .
Systematics
The species Urena lobata belongs to the genus Urena from the tribe Hibisceae in the subfamily of the Malvoideae within the family of the Mallow family (Malvaceae). The first publication of Urena lobata was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 2, S. 692nd
Within the species Urena lobata several to many varieties are distinguished (selection):
- Urena lobata var. Chinensis (Osbeck) SYHu
- Urena lobata var. Glauca (Blume) Borss.Waalk. (Syn .: Urena lappago var. Glauca flower )
- Urena lobata var. Henryi
- Urena lobata L. var. Lobata (Syn .: Urena sinuata L. )
- Urena lobata var. Viminea (Cav.) Gürke (Syn .: Urena viminea Cav. )
Specialty
One of the names this plant species has in Portuguese (from the Tupi language ) in Brazil is aguaxima . Under this name there is an entry in the Encyclopédie by Denis Diderot , which was extremely scarce with the wording "The Aguaxima is a plant of Brazil and the islands of southern America", which Diderot himself took as an opportunity about the usefulness of such a short entry to philosophize in his encyclopedia; see Aguaxima .
swell
- AW Exell: Malvaceae in Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 1, 1961. Online .
- Entry in the Flora of China (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Entry at GRIN.
- ↑ Urena lobata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b See the description at killerplants.com .
