Herbert Ender (SA member)

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Herbert Ender (born August 20, 1903 in Liegnitz , † July 1, 1934 in Schweidnitz ) (erroneously identified in parts of the literature as Enders and Ender schools) was a German SA leader . Ender was best known as one of the victims of the so-called Röhm Putsch .

Life and activity

Ender, who was an editor by profession, had been a member of the NSDAP since March 1, 1933 ( membership number 1,547,899). As a member of the SA he was head of the motorsport school in Kroischwitz in 1934 with the rank of SA-Obersturmführer.

The murder of Herbert Ender

Ender was arrested on July 1, 1934 in the course of the Röhm affair . The background to the arrest was presumably a visit by SA-Obergruppenführer Edmund Heines , the supreme commander of the SA in Silesia, to Ender's motorsport school a few days before the action on June 30th, who had raised the suspicion among the local SS leaders that Ender was in the putsch supposedly planned by a group of SA leaders around the SA chief of staff Ernst Röhm , to whom Heine was also included. In any case, it is certain that the leader of SS Standard 43 in Frankenstein , Josef Makosch , received the order to shoot Ender on the afternoon of June 30th from SS Section VI - probably from the local staff leader von Pfeil.

Makosch initially had Ender picked up by SS Oberscharführer Moschner, leader of the SS Motorstaffel Schweidnitz, in Kroischwitz and brought to the Reichswehr barracks in Schweidnitz, where parts of the 43rd SS Standard had gathered that day. After a brief interrogation of Ender by Makosch, Makosch, Moschner and Ender drove to the Neumühlwerk outside the city. There, Makosch shot Ender with his service pistol with the opening: “You are a traitor and must die!” Then, on Makosch's orders, Moschner fired a catching shot at Ender, who was already on the ground. According to a report by SOPADE, Ender's body was thrown on the street in front of Schweidnitz to simulate an accident or a crime.

Ender's shooting became known abroad through the communist white book published in Paris on the shootings of June 30, 1934 . However, this reported erroneously that he had been shot in the SA barracks on Sternstrasse.

An investigation into the crime by the Breslau Murder Commission, which began in July 1934, was broken off on the orders of the Gestapo . The two children of Ender, who was already widowed at the time of his murder, son Johannes (born July 23, 1927) and daughter Irene (born March 14, 1929), were placed in the care of their grandfather Appoius Strzoda and initially received from SS funds , later granted a survivor's pension of 80 RM per month from funds from the Reich Ministry of the Interior “for reasons of equity”.

In the literature on the Röhm Putsch, Ender often appears under the name Ender School / Ender Schools. The reason for this is that his name was used when the data of the people killed in Silesia were transmitted from the SS offices in Breslau as "Ender Schools" to the Secret State Police Office in Berlin, where, on the orders of Adolf Hitler, a list of all from June 30th to June 2nd July, the people killed should be collected, was passed on. Since this list formed the basis for the information regarding the identity of the various victims of the Röhm action in the specialist literature published after 1945, Ender appears in representations of the murders of these days and in particular in lists of all known victims of the murder action in the secondary literature (see above in the lists of victims in the books on the Röhm affair by Heinrich Bennecke and Heinz Höhne ) often under the name Ender Schools. The fact that the name “Ender Schools” on the official death list meant Ender comes from a statement made by the former SD chief for Silesia, Ernst Müller-Altenau, in 1957 before the jury court in Osnabrück. He explained at the time that the Gestapo had no use for the name "Ender Schools" in the death reports sent from Breslau. After a query, it was made clear from Wroclaw that it was Ender as the leader of the motorsport school.

Legal processing

In the 1950s, the Ender murder case was the subject of two high-profile criminal proceedings: In 1954, Makosch and Moschner were indicted before the jury at the Hanover regional court. The proceedings ended with Makosch convicted of manslaughter and Moschner's conviction for aiding and abetting manslaughter to prison terms of one and a half years and nine months respectively (file number: 2 Ks 1/53).

The killing of Ender was also one of the indictments of the extensive criminal proceedings against the former SS-Oberabschnittsführer for the Silesia area Udo von Woyrsch and the SD leader Ernst Müller-Altenau , who was responsible for Breslau and the surrounding area , which was carried out from June 30 to July 2, 1934 by Reinhard Heydrich and Heinrich Himmler were entrusted with the overall management of the arrest and liquidation actions carried out on those days in Silesia, before the jury at the Osnabrück district court in 1957. Since the placing of the order or the knowledge of the two could not be proven in this case, both became responsible acquitted for Ender's death, although Woyrsch was sentenced to a longer prison term because of other shootings that were demonstrably carried out on his orders.

literature

  • Guido Fehling : "A pension for the widow [Edgar] Jungs", in: Yearbook for the Conservative Revolution , 1994, p. 307.
  • Otto Gritschneder : "The Führer has sentenced you to death ...", Hitler's "Röhm Putsch" murders in court. Beck, Munich 1993.
  • Lothar Gruchmann : Justice in the Third Reich 1933-1940: Adaptation and submission in the Gürtner era , 1988, p. 459.
  • Heinz Höhne : Mordache Röhm. Hitler's breakthrough to sole rule, 1933–1934 , Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1984.
  • Rainer Orth: The SD man Johannes Schmidt. The murderer of Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher? , Tectum, Marburg 2012, pp. 187f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rainer Orth: The SD man Johannes Schmidt. The murderer of Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher? , Münster 2012, pp. 187f.
  2. ^ Rainer Orth: The SD man Johannes Schmidt. The murderer of Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher? , Münster 2012, pp. 187f.
  3. ^ Social Democratic Party of Germany: Report on Germany by Sopade. 1934, p. 303.
  4. ↑ White book on the shootings of June 30 , 1934, p. 99.
  5. ↑ Guido Fehling: "A pension for the widow [Edgar] Jungs", in: Yearbook for the Conservative Revolution , 1994, p. 307.
  6. ^ Rainer Orth: The SD man Johannes Schmidt. The murderer of Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher ?, Münster 2012, pp. 187–188.
  7. ^ Heinrich Bennecke: The Reichswehr and the "Röhm Putsch" , Munich 1964, p. 87; Heinz Höhne: Mordsache Röhm , Reinbek bei Hamburg 1984, p. 319.
  8. ↑ On the trial against Makosch and Moschner cf. the handling of this process by Otto Gritschneder: "The Führer has sentenced you to death ..." Hitler's "Röhm Putsch" murders in court , Munich 1993.
  9. ↑ On the trial against Woyrsch and Müller-Altenau cf. Otto Gritschneder's treatment of this process: “The Führer sentenced you to death…” Hitler's “Röhm Putsch” murders in court , Munich 1993; see also Richard Bessel's presentation of the Silesian events based on the Osnabrück judgment in Richard Bessel: Political Violence and the Rise of Nazism: The Storm Troopers in Eastern Germany, 1925-1934 , 1984, pp. 133-139; see. also the report on this process in “So far from fear, so close to death”. The "Röhm Putsch" or the state murder in: Der Spiegel from May 15, 1957.
personal data
SURNAME Ender, Herbert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German SA leader and victim of the Röhmputsch
DATE OF BIRTH August 20, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Liegnitz
DATE OF DEATH July 1, 1934
Place of death Schweidnitz