Cockles
Cockles | ||||||||||||
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The edible or common cockle ( Cerastoderma edule ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Cardiidae | ||||||||||||
Lamarck , 1809 |
The cockles (Cardiidae) are a family of mussels from the order Cardiida . The name comes from its heart-shaped cross-section. The oldest members of the family come from the Norium ( Upper Triassic ).
features
The housings of the cockles are equal and small to medium in size. The vortices are approximately in the middle of the case. The lock has two main or cardinal teeth on each of the two valves, one anterior and one posterior posterior tooth (or lateral tooth) in the left valve. The shell is corrugated and has numerous radial folds that are reinforced like ribs or studded with spines and scales. The foot is kinked and enables the mussel to jump on the sediment. By kinking and suddenly stretching the foot, the mussel is transported several decimeters. The two sphincters are both still developed and mostly of almost the same size. The siphons are relatively short and there is always a jacket bay.
Way of life, occurrence and distribution
Due to the short siphons, the animals live only shallowly buried in the sediment. They prefer sandy and silty soils from the tidal range to several hundred meters deep. Cockles feed primarily on plankton and detritus . They are common worldwide. Some species are very common and commercially exploited on the European coasts, such as B. the common cockle ( Cerastoderma edule ).
use
Almost all cockle species are edible; some species are fished intensively. The shells of many types are also used for the production of decorative objects and toys, such as clams and miracle clams , (earlier) also for the extraction of lime .
Systematics
The Cardiidae family was established by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck in 1809 as Les cardiadées . Since the name was ascribed to Lamarck in the later Latinization, Lamarck is also considered the author of the taxon in the more recent scientific literature. Some authors divide the family into subfamilies:
- Family cockles (Cardiidae)
- Subfamily Cardiinae Lamarck, 1809,
-
Acanthocardia Gray, 1851
- Large cockle ( Acanthocardia aculeata (Linné, 1758))
- Prickly cockle ( Acanthocardia echinata (Linné, 1758))
- Acanthocardia paucicostata (GB Sowerby II, 1841)
- Warty cockle ( Acanthocardia tuberculata (Linné, 1758))
- Bucardium Gray, 1853
- Cardium Linnaeus, 1758
- Dinocardium Dall, 1900
- Vepricardium Iredale, 1929
-
Acanthocardia Gray, 1851
- Subfamily Clinocardiinae Kafanov, 1975
- Ciliatocardium Kafanov, 1974
- Clinocardium Keen, 1936
- Keenocardium Kafanov, 1974
- Serripes Gould, 1841
- Fraginae Stewart subfamily, 1930
- Americardia Stewart, 1930
- Apiocardia Olsson, 1961
- Corculum Bolten, 1798
- Ctenocardia Adams, 1857
- Fragum Bolten, 1798
- Lunulicardia Gray, 1853
- Microfragum Got, 1951
- Papillicardium Sacco, 1899
-
Parvicardium Monterosato, 1884
- Triangular cockle ( Parvicardium exiguum Gmelin, 1791)
- Copenhagen cockle ( Parvicardium hauniense (Høpner Petersen & Russell, 1971))
- Oval cockle ( Parvicardium pinnulatum (Conrad, 1831))
- Whitish cockle ( Parvicardium scabrum (Philippi, 1844))
- † Plagiocardium Cossmann, 1886
- Trigoniocardia Dall, 1900
- Subfamily Laevicardiinae Swainson, 1840
- Frigidocardium Habe, 1951
- Fulvia Gray, 1853
- Keenaea Habe, 1951
-
Laevicardium Swainson, 1840
- Flat-ribbed cockle ( Laevicardium crassum Gmelin, 1791)
- Common egg shell ( Laevicardium laevigatum (Linné, 1758))
- Lophocardium Fischer, 1887
- Lyrocardium Meek, 1876
- Microcardium Thiele, 1934
- Nemocardium Meek, 1876
- Pratulum Iredale, 1924
- Pseudofulvia Vidal & Kirkendale, 2007
- Trifaricardium Kuroda & Habe, 1951
- Subfamily Lahilliinae Finlay & Marwick, 1937 †
- Lahillia Cossmann, 1899 †
- Subfamily Lymnocardiinae Stoliczka, 1870
- Adacna Eichwald, 1838
-
Cerastoderma Poli, 1795
- Common cockle ( Cerastoderma edule (Linné, 1758))
- Lagoon cockle ( Cerastoderma glaucum (Poiret, 1789))
- Didacna Eichwald, 1838
- Hypanis Ménétries, 1832
- Monodacna Eichwald, 1838
- Subfamily Orthocardiinae Schneider, 2002
- Afrocardium Tomlin, 1931
- Europicardium Popov, 1977
- Freneixicardia Schneider, 2002
- Subfamily Protocardiinae Keen, 1951
- Anechinocardium Hickman, 2015 †
- Protocardia Beyrich, 1845 †
- Subfamily Trachycardiinae Stewart, 1930
- † Acrosterigma Dall, 1900
- Dallocardia Stewart, 1930
- Papyridea Swainson, 1840
- Trachycardium Moerch, 1853
-
Vasticardium Iredale, 1927
- Vasticardium luteomarginatum Voskuil & Onverwagt, 1991
- Subfamily giant clams (Tridacninae Lamarck, 1819)
- Hippopus Lamarck, 1799
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Tridacna Bruguière, 1797
- Tridacna squamosina Sturany, 1899
- Cardiidae indet. Subfamily
- Discors Deshayes, 1858
- Fuscocardium Oyama, 1973 †
- Goethemia Lambiotte, 1979
- Hedecardium Marwick, 1944 †
- Maoricardium Marwick, 1944
- Subfamily Cardiinae Lamarck, 1809,
Many genera are also subdivided into sub-genera, which, however, are rarely (still) used.
supporting documents
literature
- Rüdiger Bieler, John G. Carter and Eugene Victor Coan: Classification of Bivalve families. In: Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184 (113-133), 2010.
- Rüdiger Bieler & Paula M. Mikkelsen: Bivalvia - a look at the branches . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235, London 2006.
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 .
- Victor Millard: Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca . Rhine Road, South Africa 1997 ISBN 0-620-21261-6
- Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3-925919-10-4 .
- R. Tucker Abbott and S. Peter Dance: Compendium of Seashells. 411 pp. Odyssey Publishing, El Cajon, California, ISBN 0-9661720-0-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Yasuo Kondo and Shin-ichi Sano: Origination of extant heteroconch families: Ecological and environmental patterns in post-Paleozoic bivalve diversification. Palaeontological Research, 13: 39-44, Tokyo 2009 doi : 10.2517 / 1342-8144-13.1.039
- ^ Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: Philosophy zoologique. Vol. 1, XXV + 428 S., Dentu, Paris, 1809 Online at Google Books (p. 318).
- ↑ MolluscaBase: Cardiidae Lamarck, 1809
Web links
- Family Cardiidae
- Family Cardiidae PDF (257 kB)