Cockles

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Cockles
The edible or common cockle (Cerastoderma edule)

The edible or common cockle ( Cerastoderma edule )

Systematics
Subclass : Heterodonta
Euheterodonta
Superordinate : Imparidentia
Order : Cardiida
Superfamily : Cardioidea
Family : Cockles
Scientific name
Cardiidae
Lamarck , 1809

The cockles (Cardiidae) are a family of mussels from the order Cardiida . The name comes from its heart-shaped cross-section. The oldest members of the family come from the Norium ( Upper Triassic ).

features

The housings of the cockles are equal and small to medium in size. The vortices are approximately in the middle of the case. The lock has two main or cardinal teeth on each of the two valves, one anterior and one posterior posterior tooth (or lateral tooth) in the left valve. The shell is corrugated and has numerous radial folds that are reinforced like ribs or studded with spines and scales. The foot is kinked and enables the mussel to jump on the sediment. By kinking and suddenly stretching the foot, the mussel is transported several decimeters. The two sphincters are both still developed and mostly of almost the same size. The siphons are relatively short and there is always a jacket bay.

Way of life, occurrence and distribution

Due to the short siphons, the animals live only shallowly buried in the sediment. They prefer sandy and silty soils from the tidal range to several hundred meters deep. Cockles feed primarily on plankton and detritus . They are common worldwide. Some species are very common and commercially exploited on the European coasts, such as B. the common cockle ( Cerastoderma edule ).

use

Almost all cockle species are edible; some species are fished intensively. The shells of many types are also used for the production of decorative objects and toys, such as clams and miracle clams , (earlier) also for the extraction of lime .

Systematics

The Cardiidae family was established by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck in 1809 as Les cardiadées . Since the name was ascribed to Lamarck in the later Latinization, Lamarck is also considered the author of the taxon in the more recent scientific literature. Some authors divide the family into subfamilies:

Many genera are also subdivided into sub-genera, which, however, are rarely (still) used.

supporting documents

literature

  • Rüdiger Bieler, John G. Carter and Eugene Victor Coan: Classification of Bivalve families. In: Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52 (2): 1-184 (113-133), 2010.
  • Rüdiger Bieler & Paula M. Mikkelsen: Bivalvia - a look at the branches . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 148: 223-235, London 2006.
  • Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 .
  • Victor Millard: Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca . Rhine Road, South Africa 1997 ISBN 0-620-21261-6
  • Guido Poppe and Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda). 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3-925919-10-4 .
  • R. Tucker Abbott and S. Peter Dance: Compendium of Seashells. 411 pp. Odyssey Publishing, El Cajon, California, ISBN 0-9661720-0-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. Yasuo Kondo and Shin-ichi Sano: Origination of extant heteroconch families: Ecological and environmental patterns in post-Paleozoic bivalve diversification. Palaeontological Research, 13: 39-44, Tokyo 2009 doi : 10.2517 / 1342-8144-13.1.039
  2. ^ Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: Philosophy zoologique. Vol. 1, XXV + 428 S., Dentu, Paris, 1809 Online at Google Books (p. 318).
  3. MolluscaBase: Cardiidae Lamarck, 1809

Web links

Commons : Cockles (Cardiidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files